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2027 Presidential Election · 34 candidates and potential candidates · January 2023 to September 2026

General study of the candidates for the presidency of the Republic

What the candidates say on social media, who they follow and cite, and what they bring to Parliament: the 14 themes of the campaign, their high points, the political families that carry them, the candidates' ecosystem and their parliamentary work, since January 2023.

97 007posts across 7 social networks
34candidates and potential candidates
6 805parliamentary texts tabled in their own name by the 19 who have sat
14campaign themes

The essentials

What to remember since January 2023

19 %

International & defence, the campaign's number one subject

19% of the posts classified since January 2023, and a further +25% over the last six months.

+172 %

Digital & AI leads what is rising

Over the last six months: Digital & AI (+172%), Purchasing power (+80%), Housing (+74%), Europe & sovereignty (+64%), Agriculture & rural areas (+31%).

-82 %

Pensions: the subject that is fading most

Pensions (-82%), Institutions & democracy (-45%), Education & youth (-19%), Economy & employment (-17%): the subjects that filled 2023 are no longer part of the campaign.

6% then 18%

Health: discreet online, first in Parliament

The theme accounts for 6% of online speech and 18% of the initiatives of the 19 candidates who have sat since 2023.

22 out of 34

Apolline de Malherbe, at the top of the most followed

22 candidates follow or cite her account since 2023: the most widely shared interlocutor of the campaign.

The 14 themes

What makes the campaign, what is rising and what is fading

The 14 themes of the campaign

Share of each theme in the 48,024 classified posts of the 34 candidates and potential candidates, from January 2023 to June 2026. The curve tracks its share of voice month by month; the badge compares the last six months with the previous six; on the right, the three candidates who devote the largest share of their speech to it.

ThemeShare of postsLast 6 monthsJanuary 2023 to June 2026Those who carry it
International & defence8,933 posts · 36,281,103 engagements
18,6 %
+25 %
Raphaël GlucksmannNathalie ArthaudFrançois Asselineau
Read the most widely shared posts: International & defence
Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Radical left
TikTok
28 May 2024

Proud of this people and their representatives @Sébastien Delogu who are standing up against the ongoing genocide in Palestine. End the genocide! Ceasefire! Now!

885 954 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
TikTok
29 August 2024

While France is navigating blind, paralysed by Emmanuel Macron and his unworthy alliances, the descent into violence continues. An extraordinary session of the Assembly must be convened to debate a major law to rearm the State that will protect the French.

363 122 engagementsOpen
Olivier Faure
Left
TikTok
22 September 2025

The flag of Palestine is flying this morning over Saint-Denis town hall, between the French flag, that of Fraternity and the European flag, that of a continent which, after tearing itself apart, learned to unite in diversity. This flag is that of the women, men and children who are victims of a genocide in Gaza and of colonisation in the West Bank; that of a youth that hopes for another future. All of them have the right to freedom and self-determination. The recognition tonight of the State of Palestine by France is a historic moment. This powerful gesture led 9 other states to follow. It expresses our wish for a path to peace to open, with two states living side by side in mutual respect.

336 186 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
TikTok
6 November 2023

We learned that France had spent millions on the water network in Gaza. I am in favour of international cooperation, but understand the anger of our compatriots in the overseas territories when they see that once again they have come after international aid!

295 300 engagementsOpen
Éric Zemmour
Far right
TikTok
13 October 2023

My reaction to the jihadist attack in Arras. #EricZemmour #Zemmour #France #Arras #Islam #Hamas #fyp #fypシ #foryoupage #foryourpage #pourtoi #pourtoii #tiktok #politique #drame #tristesse #guerre #professeur

289 832 engagementsOpen
Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Radical left
TikTok
7 March 2024

For an immediate ceasefire in Gaza, that is the action we need! Meet this Saturday at 2 p.m. at Place de la République in Paris!

272 642 engagementsOpen
Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Radical left
TikTok
18 October 2023

ALL war crimes must be condemned.

203 690 engagementsOpen
Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Radical left
TikTok
1 March 2026

We have entered an era of confrontation between supremacists. North American supremacism defends its domination over the world. Netanyahu's genocidal government defends an ethnic supremacism. Ali Khamenei and his accomplices proclaimed a form of superiority within Islam and over the Middle East. Now that Iran's main leaders have been killed, we want an immediate ceasefire in the Middle East. “Preventive wars” do not exist. When the first bombs have already killed more than a hundred people in a school in Iran, we say: enough! Our positions are the same as those held by the Roja collective: against war! Woman, Life, Freedom! Neither Shah nor Mullahs!

202 707 engagementsOpen
Security & justice6,834 posts · 19,515,785 engagements
14,2 %
-3 %
Gérald DarmaninBruno RetailleauDavid Lisnard
Read the most widely shared posts: Security & justice
Marine Le Pen
Far right
Instagram
12 September 2025

The damage we see at every far-left demonstration, or during the riots: could we not catch the thugs and ask them to pay?

421 321 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
TikTok
31 May 2026

You touch a police officer, you sleep in prison! #PSG #Paris #LDC #PSGARS

254 082 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
TikTok
20 July 2023

La France Insoumise uses any pretext to come and spew its hatred of the Police and to justify the riots. Whatever the reason, you do not burn police stations, you do not attack the forces of law and order, you do not attack schools!

237 585 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
Instagram
9 March 2026

You smash a bus shelter, it costs €20,000? Well, you are ordered to pay the €20,000. It is not for the French to pay for those who smash things during riots!

234 752 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
TikTok
24 June 2024

I will fight for women's rights, and I will fight for the first of their freedoms: their safety! 🙏🏻

160 905 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
Instagram
13 October 2025

Fed up with asking the French to pay for the consequences of the riots.

157 212 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
TikTok
29 January 2026

Insecurity is ruining the lives of the French!

142 421 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
TikTok
10 February 2025

We will restore order and security for all the French! 🇫🇷

140 376 engagementsOpen
Institutions & democracy6,224 posts · 21,172,706 engagements
13,0 %
-45 %
Benjamin LucasClara EggerNicolas Dupont-Aignan
Read the most widely shared posts: Institutions & democracy
Marine Le Pen
Far right
TikTok
28 June 2024

Jean-Luc Mélenchon considered yesterday, very calmly, that it was “funny” to say in a slogan: “one dead cop = one fewer vote for the RN”. That he could tomorrow be Prime Minister of France is terribly worrying.

381 277 engagementsOpen
Gabriel Attal
Centre
TikTok
17 April 2024

100 days as Prime Minister: I answer the 5 most liked questions. Counters close tonight at 8 p.m. and answers tomorrow!

370 131 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
TikTok
30 June 2023

For several days now, a state of endemic disorder has set in across the country, the images and echoes of which are chilling in their brutality. I ask the President of the Republic to receive without further delay the parties represented in the National Assembly.

323 585 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
TikTok
4 July 2024

What kind of conception of democracy is this?

287 589 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
TikTok
28 January 2025

Elias was fourteen years old. Last Friday, he was murdered by two minors over a mobile phone. Do you intend, Prime Minister, to change a criminal justice strategy that is a dramatic failure, in order to protect our fellow citizens and in particular our children?

220 206 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
TikTok
30 October 2025

On a proposal from the Rassemblement National, the Assembly today demanded an end to the 1968 agreement with Algeria. Emmanuel Macron and the government must take note of this resolution. Weakness is no longer an option: France must now make itself respected.

208 895 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
TikTok
11 February 2026

As he is about to leave power, Emmanuel Macron is locking down our institutions to keep control of them and prolong his influence. Faced with the illiberal drift of a president at the end of his term, I say this with gravity: the Republic belongs only to the French people.

190 348 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
TikTok
5 December 2024

I would like to point a finger at the ball of hypocrites. We are accused of having voted the motion of no confidence with the NFP. But who formed an alliance with the far left last June? Who stood down for them? Who got them elected?

181 209 engagementsOpen
Europe & sovereignty4,679 posts · 16,488,763 engagements
9,7 %
+64 %
Raphaël GlucksmannFlorian PhilippotFrançois Asselineau
Read the most widely shared posts: Europe & sovereignty
Raphaël Glucksmann
Left
Instagram
6 February 2024

🚨 A pure scandal: @emmanuelmacron has just succeeded in excluding the definition and criminalisation of rape from the European law on violence against women. It is a disgrace for our country, France, and a defeat for women's rights in Europe. Spread the word around you. To the very end, Emmanuel Macron blocked the criminalisation of rape at European level. Against the European Commission. Against the European Parliament. Against the right and the left together, who voted the European legislation through almost unanimously. Against feminist organisations. Against his own MEPs in the European Parliament! Against other European states such as Spain, Belgium or Italy. Against 230,000 French citizens. While more than 100,000 rapes are recorded in the European Union every year, we refused to believe that France could block a major step forward in protecting European women. But @emmanuelmacron decided otherwise. It is fine to hold rallies with European flags, but is it “pro-European” to prevent the criminalisation of rape at European level against the European institutions? Is it “pro-European” to block the European Commission's directive that finally gives rights to millions of platform workers? Is it “pro-European” to weaken the corporate due diligence directive by excluding the financial and banking sector? Today we suffered a defeat, but the fight must go on: the review clause, wrested by the Parliament, in the agreement on the European law on violence against women will give us the chance to include rape in the next term. Thank you for your tremendous mobilisation. Count on me to fight during this European election campaign and then in the European Parliament, if you give me the mandate, to continue the struggle we launched together. More than ever: the fight goes on!

404 435 engagementsOpen
Florian Philippot
Far right
TikTok
23 February 2025

Pro-#Frexit demonstration organised by Les Patriotes on 22/02/2025 🇫🇷

314 955 engagementsOpen
Raphaël Glucksmann
Left
Instagram
19 September 2023

🚨UPDATE: We are going to make it! The trilogue took place on 3 October (in the afternoon). France and the other opposing states maintained their position, to exclude rape from the European legislation on violence against women, but the wall is starting to crack and ever stronger divisions are appearing between the states. Your pressure is working! Keep going. The Presidency of the Council, the Spanish government, is on our side. Joined by more and more states. A final decision will be taken on 14 November. We have a month to turn the tables and force our government to see reason. Keep signing the petition (in BIO) and keep calling out @emmanuelmacron in the comments. We will not let go! *** Citizen alert: while more than 100,000 rapes are recorded in the European Union every year, our country, France, is refusing at the European Council a major step forward to protect European women (a step supported by elected women from the right such as @nco.metz or from the left such as @evinincir, and also by associations @ippf_global @amnestybefr @osez_le_feminisme …). Can you believe it? It is a scandal. And we can, we must act. It is urgent. Please read the behind-the-scenes story of this scandal to the end, and please call out @emmanuelmacron en masse and sign the petition widely (link in BIO). The final decision may come very soon. France must not block this step forward. Not in our name. We are counting on you to tip the decision in our favour. The more massive your mobilisation, the more Emmanuel Macron and his government will be forced to listen to us and stop blocking this major step forward. We are counting on you and you can count on us not to let go in the institutions. The fight goes on!

239 852 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
TikTok
12 June 2025

Long live the Patriots of Europe. Long live France, long live free Nations!

198 255 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
TikTok
24 May 2025

The European Union is soon to add a new punishment to its anti-motorist arsenal: an annual roadworthiness test for vehicles over 10 years old. Faced with this offensive against the freedom to travel, we will be there to defend you.

186 401 engagementsOpen
Raphaël Glucksmann
Left
Instagram
7 June 2024

🚨 URGENT: The official campaign ends tonight at midnight and I need you to spread the truth about @jordanbardella and the RN. Read the post to the end and 1/share this post widely around you 2/tag 3 of your friends in the comments so they know and in turn spread it 3/sign the “stand firm” petition (link in BIO). This is the true face of the RN. Not in words, in deeds. Jordan Bardella can make as many TikTok videos as he likes, it will change nothing. Thank you for organising the resistance to the far right in France and in Europe! The fight goes on.

162 203 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
Instagram
2 April 2026

They say we don't have the money to cut fuel taxes? We have just increased our contribution to the European Union by 6 billion euros! If the government doesn't know how to do it, let them make way for us!

152 990 engagementsOpen
Florian Philippot
Far right
TikTok
9 February 2025

Larvae in our food (bread, compotes, pasta, etc.) from Monday 10/02/2025 because of the EU! 4 grams per 100 grams! #Frexit urgently for safe and healthy food! 🐛😱

146 681 engagementsOpen
Economy & employment4,141 posts · 9,562,960 engagements
8,6 %
-17 %
Bruno Le MaireFrançois RuffinFabien Roussel
Read the most widely shared posts: Economy & employment
Jordan Bardella
Far right
TikTok
7 April 2026

Faced with soaring fuel prices, let's cut taxes!

430 655 engagementsOpen
François Ruffin
Radical left
TikTok
21 November 2025

Save Teisseire! Save the French grenadine syrup, save 205 jobs, 205 family lives, save what remains of our French industry, our factories being left to close one after another… The State is letting it happen, so we need you. Call on President @emmanuelmacron and Prime Minister @sb.lecornu over this plundering of our industry!

263 659 engagementsOpen
Clémentine Autain
Radical left
Instagram
7 November 2025

Gabriel Zucman has published a book: “Billionaires don't pay income tax and we are going to put an end to that”. Do you think I can find it in Bolloré's Relay shops?

181 223 engagementsOpen
François Ruffin
Radical left
TikTok
26 January 2026

I am a candidate for the presidency of the French Republic. For the millions of workers who, at the bottom, in the factories, offices and hospitals, hold the country up. Against a France at the top that gorges itself, with billionaires who pay less tax than nurses. We need a great reset.

147 735 engagementsOpen
François Ruffin
Radical left
Instagram
26 January 2026

I am a candidate for the presidency of the French Republic. For the millions of workers who, at the bottom, in the factories, offices and hospitals, hold the country up. Against a France at the top that gorges itself, with billionaires who pay less tax than nurses. We need a great reset. Support the campaign, send NOUSPRESIDENT in the comments!

142 180 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
Instagram
7 April 2026

⛽️ Faced with soaring prices, let's cut taxes!

120 228 engagementsOpen
Gabriel Attal
Centre
TikTok
10 April 2024

Work on Notre-Dame cathedral is progressing well. The reopening planned for next December should be able to go ahead. Things are taking shape. 👀 Bravo to our craftspeople and to everyone mobilised to protect this jewel of our heritage. 🇫🇷

117 923 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
Instagram
30 April 2026

➡️ Fuel taxes must be cut.

116 642 engagementsOpen
Health2,944 posts · 5,629,002 engagements
6,1 %
-11 %
Delphine BathoJérôme GuedjSégolène Royal
Read the most widely shared posts: Health
Marine Le Pen
Far right
Instagram
7 November 2025

It is morally reprehensible to try to make money from something that ought to be banned. If drinks are harmful to young people's health, we ban their sale, but we do not seek to turn them into revenue for the State. And if they are not harmful, there is no reason to tax them.

252 154 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
Instagram
8 July 2024

My dear friends, the result of the ballot box must always be respected, even when it is hard to accept. That is how democracy works, with its victories and sometimes its bitterness. I first want to thank our voters: nearly 10 million French people put their trust in the RN and its allies. That is more than in any other political party. In this respect, we are the leading political force in France and the unprecedented momentum that carries us will continue. The alliance of dishonour and the electoral deals struck between Emmanuel Macron and Jean-Luc Mélenchon's far left yesterday deprived the French of a change they had nonetheless called for, first in the European elections last June, then in the first round of the legislative elections by putting the RN well in the lead. Nothing is over. Quite the contrary, everything is beginning: from now on, your patriotic elected representatives are at work, in the exclusive service of France and the French. We will carry your voice and we will defend your rights. Our 143 elected members will fight, as they always have, for your purchasing power, for your right to security, to see your legitimate wish to control immigration respected, for our public services and for equal access to healthcare. We will also be there to defend France and the Republic against those who seek to damage them. This result is not an end in itself: it is a foundation on which we will build future victories. Because I will need the talent, energy and mobilisation of everyone for the coming deadlines, I urge you to get involved in the political life of your country, and to join us. As Victor Hugo wrote, “However thick the night, one always glimpses a light”: in the night of unnatural alliances, we are a beacon you can always count on. We will stand alongside the French people, ready to take our responsibilities. I will be there, for you, with you, until victory. Nothing can stop a people who have begun to hope again. Long live the Republic and long live France! 🇫🇷

209 787 engagementsOpen
Gabriel Attal
Centre
TikTok
17 October 2025

8 a.m. to 6 p.m., mental health, school rhythms, length of holidays: shall we put it all on the table?

189 954 engagementsOpen
Bruno Le Maire
Centre right
LinkedIn
23 July 2024

Kevin Piette, paraplegic since an accident 11 years ago, made history today by carrying the Olympic flame with his exoskeleton! 🔥 Magnificent and inspiring! 🤩 Follow me 👉 Benjamin Louis / Coeur Handisport #Inspiration #Motivation #Santé #Handicap

143 109 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
Instagram
17 December 2025

In France, everything is falling apart! Our country is doing very badly, everything is collapsing: our social protection system, our economy, our diplomacy, our schools, our healthcare system...

122 627 engagementsOpen
Marine Tondelier
Left
Instagram
16 July 2025

François Bayrou's proposal to scrap two public holidays is a red rag to make everyone talk about nothing else for days without the French noticing all the other renunciations announced today on their health, public services… I have a theory on the subject, I explain it here.

122 114 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
TikTok
25 October 2024

The hour is grave for French agriculture, for our sovereignty, for our health: despite the French rejection, the EU-Mercosur treaty is moving forward. They are the soul of France. Without them, our country would lose part of its identity. Let us defend our farmers!

120 789 engagementsOpen
Clémentine Autain
Radical left
Instagram
28 March 2026

Cadmium: it is a public health bomb and a State scandal! Its consequences for health are manifold and it is everywhere: pasta, rice, semolina, vegetables, even infant formula. While the recommendations of the health authorities advise a maximum of 20mg of cadmium per kg of fertiliser, in France we sometimes reach 90mg! The State's inaction is putting the population in danger. We are putting forward a private member's bill to follow the health recommendations and regulate the use of cadmium. It is urgent!

118 228 engagementsOpen
Education & youth2,936 posts · 7,546,135 engagements
6,1 %
-19 %
Elisabeth BorneGabriel AttalDavid Lisnard
Read the most widely shared posts: Education & youth
Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Radical left
TikTok
2 June 2026

The first results of the absurd Parcoursup system will come out this Tuesday. Courage to the young people and their families who are anxiously waiting for the answers. As I already proposed in 2022, we will scrap Parcoursup. In a year, we can be rid of it, and we will open more places in universities to welcome everyone who wants one. The intelligence of our youth is not to be rationed: it is our most precious wealth!

560 247 engagementsOpen
Gabriel Attal
Centre
TikTok
15 November 2023

Thank you to Les Bleus for their strong words against bullying at school. The general mobilisation to eradicate this scourge continues. #Harcelement #Harcelementcolaire #EquipeDeFrance #Football #mbappe #nonauharcelement

495 116 engagementsOpen
Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Radical left
TikTok
18 June 2023

Abaya: the problem with schools is the lack of resources!

354 880 engagementsOpen
Gabriel Attal
Centre
TikTok
5 November 2024

This Wednesday I am launching an association to fight bullying at school. I will have at my side Béatrice Le Blay, the mother of Nicolas, who took his own life in September 2023 because of the bullying he was subjected to. And Elian Potier, a young man who himself suffered serious bullying at secondary school. Looking forward to telling you more. So that shame changes sides and victims are always protected. 🙏✊ @Faire Face

297 437 engagementsOpen
Gabriel Attal
Centre
TikTok
24 November 2023

A compulsory work placement for pupils in general or technological Year 11? I sum up what is changing and why. #Stages #Lycee #foryou #college #politique #ecole

283 527 engagementsOpen
Gabriel Attal
Centre
TikTok
7 November 2024

Hi Laurent?! #prof #professeur #monsieurprof #cours #anglais #coursdanglais #english #eleve #eleves #élève #college #lycee #apprendresurtiktok #ambassadeur #laurent #salutlaurent #trend #harcelement #harcelementscolaire

225 722 engagementsOpen
Gabriel Attal
Centre
TikTok
4 April 2024

For all the mischievous, playful sprites: the Pass Rail is for you! #Ecologie #Ecole #College #Lycee #Environnement

224 350 engagementsOpen
Gabriel Attal
Centre
TikTok
5 December 2023

Baccalauréat, brevet, repeating a year, teaching of maths and the Singapore method: I sum up my latest announcements to raise pupils' level. Tell me in the comments what you think. #École #Collège #Lycée #harcelementscolaire #Politique #Attal #foryou #cours #maths

217 340 engagementsOpen
Immigration & identity2,788 posts · 14,521,524 engagements
5,8 %
-6 %
Jordan BardellaÉric ZemmourBruno Retailleau
Read the most widely shared posts: Immigration & identity
Marine Le Pen
Far right
Instagram
7 November 2025

A Muslim is someone who believes in God and respects others. An Islamist is someone who believes in God and massacres others. They are two totally different things.

808 391 engagementsOpen
Marine Tondelier
Left
Instagram
23 December 2025

Marion Maréchal should be ashamed. Ashamed of the MPs in her camp who photographed little girls on a school trip to the Assembly because they were wearing the headscarf (which is allowed) before throwing them to the wolves on social media and CNEWS. And ashamed of confusing Islam and Islamism.

347 411 engagementsOpen
Marine Tondelier
Left
Instagram
29 December 2025

Marion Maréchal did not like me reminding her of the real immigration figures, so she spent her time cutting me off. But facts are stubborn things, whatever she and her friendly channels say to make people believe that France is nothing but immigrants and Muslims.

268 307 engagementsOpen
Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Radical left
TikTok
2 April 2024

We must stop the nonsense about immigration

254 812 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
Instagram
8 November 2025

Are there really 8 billion monsters on Earth? There is not a single country in the world that offers illegal immigrants free healthcare the way we do!

194 575 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
TikTok
24 June 2026

I have never attacked Muslims, and if Muslim mothers think I have, it leaves me with a sense of failure. I fight Islamism, which is a totalitarian ideology. I do not fight Muslims.

177 695 engagementsOpen
Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Radical left
TikTok
18 September 2023

We must stop the pantomime over the expulsion of immigrants.

173 969 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
TikTok
4 June 2024

I make no apology for wanting to end welfare-driven immigration.

171 913 engagementsOpen
Environment & energy2,363 posts · 4,229,844 engagements
4,9 %
+21 %
Delphine BathoMarine TondelierSégolène Royal
Read the most widely shared posts: Environment & energy
Jordan Bardella
Far right
TikTok
22 January 2025

In the long run, low-emission zones will turn big cities into inaccessible citadels, placing millions of ordinary French motorists under house arrest. The Rassemblement National opposes this measure: punitive, anti-social and freedom-killing environmentalism!

327 516 engagementsOpen
Raphaël Glucksmann
Left
Instagram
11 July 2023

🚨Alert: we have 24 hours to act. While every climate indicator is flashing red - on land and at sea, the world has just had its hottest week ever recorded - and the mass extinction of animals is accelerating, the conservative EPP group @eppgroup in the European Parliament is about to “kill” a decisive piece of legislation to restore nature and protect biodiversity. The vote takes place in 24 hours. I need you. This is urgent. Please read this post to the end, then join us in mobilising. HOW CAN YOU HELP? 1. Tag @eppgroup in the comments in huge numbers: everyone who sees this post can and should take 10 seconds to do this. 2. Share this post widely in your stories to alert your friends and family and put maximum pressure on your elected representatives: only 24 hours remain. The European institutions’ climate action is already too timid and too slow. If it is also blocked in Parliament, we are heading for disaster. The time has come to make ourselves heard. I’m counting on you! Raphael

147 016 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
TikTok
25 June 2026

Let’s use air conditioning! All over the world, countries facing extreme heat have adapted. In France, some tell us we should accept suffocating. A surreal debate… Let us reject the ecology of degrowth and the Stone Age. Let us defend an ecology of progress, science and innovation.

130 994 engagementsOpen
Raphaël Glucksmann
Left
Instagram
7 July 2024

Thank you for blocking the path of the far right. Thank you for always being there to save what matters most, even when it costs you (sometimes voting against your convictions). I have seen so many jibes at the “beavers” who build the dam that I want to restate one simple thing tonight: without them, the RN could have won an absolute majority and Jordan Bardella would have become Prime Minister. And everything would have been very, very different. So thank you, a thousand times thank you. We are relieved tonight: the dam has held once again and France has refused to hand power and an absolute majority to the far right. Now we must tackle the causes of the flood. Without delay. Without faltering. Otherwise the next wave will be infinitely harder to contain and the beavers will end up resigning. The more than 100 RN MPs and the more than 10 million voters who chose the RN forbid any form of relief, celebration or self-congratulation. So do the millions of abstentions and blank votes. France is fractured. We have avoided clinical death today, but the illness remains. The fight therefore goes on. More than ever. For social and tax justice. For solidarity and ecology. For our humanist principles. To rebuild a democracy undermined by corruption, individualism, cynicism, inequality and injustice. Every day, week and month must advance our causes, our principles, our hopes. To defend, nurture and build our humanist, ecological and caring France. The fight goes on!

123 913 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
TikTok
10 May 2026

😰 Can you imagine Mélenchon with the nuclear button?

118 815 engagementsOpen
Raphaël Glucksmann
Left
Instagram
12 July 2023

🚨It’s passed! By a handful of votes. It was very tight, but the legislation to protect nature and the climate has been adopted by the European Parliament. Thank you for your incredible mobilisation! Of course, I regret the amendments that watered down the text and I would have liked a more ambitious law, particularly on the ocean, where concrete measures were within reach (for ambition on the ocean you can follow @claire_nouvian and @graine_de_possible). But the legislation has passed and that is what matters today. The fight goes on to do more and better! Raphaël

102 384 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
TikTok
1 April 2025

The system has dropped the nuclear bomb because we are about to win.

79 582 engagementsOpen
Raphaël Glucksmann
Left
Instagram
9 May 2023

Every commercial success of @sheinofficial - here the “pop-up store” in Paris - is a resounding defeat for human rights and the environment. It is our responsibility as legislators to make it impossible for a business model built on abolishing social rights and destroying the environment to exist. We know that behind @sheinofficial’s €2 T-shirts and €9 dresses lies an unbearable system of exploitation. These images of crowds outside the “pop-up store” in Paris show just how crucial the texts we are carrying in the European Parliament are, on corporate due diligence and on banning products made with slave labour from our markets. There will be no social justice or ecological transformation until we impose standards, until we turn the page on deregulated globalisation. In the coming weeks, I will need you to put an end to the irresponsibility of multinationals like SHEIN. In the coming weeks, I will need you to counter the influence of lobbies and remind your representatives that the general interest must take precedence over private interests, however powerful they may be. I will keep you informed. The fight goes on!

66 569 engagementsOpen
Agriculture & rural affairs2,024 posts · 6,431,081 engagements
4,2 %
+31 %
Lydie MassardFlorian PhilippotJordan Bardella
Read the most widely shared posts: Agriculture & rural affairs
Jordan Bardella
Far right
TikTok
24 November 2025

I am making a solemn appeal to the President of the Republic: he must oppose the free trade agreement with Mercosur. In the name of French farmers, of our rural communities, of our identity and of our food sovereignty.

300 587 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
TikTok
28 January 2024

Support for our farmers! 🇫🇷

226 833 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
Instagram
20 December 2025

I would like to denounce those foolish environmentalists who are always so incredibly aggressive towards farmers. No, livestock farmers do not regard their animals as production tools. They bring them into the world and raise them with love and care.

129 473 engagementsOpen
Florian Philippot
Far right
Instagram
15 December 2025

#Agriculteurs #Pétition #LesPatriotes Link to copy and sign: https://les-patriotes.fr/soutien-aux-7-gendarmes-mobiles-qui-ont-refuse-laffrontement-contre-les-paysans/ 🇫🇷🇫🇷🇫🇷

125 474 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
TikTok
13 November 2024

Thank you to the farmers for their welcome 🙏🏻

112 323 engagementsOpen
Florian Philippot
Far right
Instagram
7 January 2026

Support for the farmers’ revolt #Frexit #Agriculteurs #LesPatriotes 🇫🇷

99 824 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
TikTok
23 February 2025

With Oupette, the star of the Agricultural Show 😎 #SIA2025

99 037 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
TikTok
28 February 2024

She is this year’s mascot cow, Oreillette! Straight from the Orne department, this magnificent Normande cow is in Paris this week to honour the 60th edition of the Salon international de l’Agriculture.

86 008 engagementsOpen
Pensions1,907 posts · 3,453,382 engagements
4,0 %
-82 %
Jérôme GuedjOlivier FaureBoris Vallaud
Read the most widely shared posts: Pensions
Marine Le Pen
Far right
TikTok
10 January 2023

Madam Prime Minister, do you sincerely believe it is good for the country to propose a pension reform that raises the retirement age, which 70% of the French oppose, making them pay for the failures of your policies?

169 900 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
TikTok
31 October 2024

The majority of the French people and of the chamber are against the pension reform you forced through with the 49.3. It is only through rather pathetic manoeuvres that its repeal cannot actually be voted today.

98 647 engagementsOpen
Clémentine Autain
Radical left
TikTok
9 June 2023

Where is #démocratie? #Vote #debat #assembleenationale #JeanJaures #Politique #LFI #YaelBraunPivet #France #retraites #nupes

72 057 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
TikTok
10 October 2023

On 7 October 2023, we witnessed what we thought we would never see again: pogroms, on the very soil of Israel. I reaffirm here our support for the Israeli people, struck to the heart, for the families affected and for all those whose souls suffer from these atrocities.

62 538 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
Instagram
12 November 2025

We are going to vote to suspend the pension reform forced through by Elisabeth Borne with the 49.3, pending its repeal!

56 731 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
Instagram
5 December 2025

I have found the manifesto of the Macronists in 2022 - the same people who now want pensions de-indexed. Point number 1: for more purchasing power, from this summer, index pensions to inflation.

55 550 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
Instagram
21 October 2025

Questions to the government: my question to Sébastien Lecornu on pension reform.

53 925 engagementsOpen
Raphaël Glucksmann
Left
Instagram
20 March 2023

All is not lost. We can still force @emmanuelmacron to withdraw his unfair reform. To do so, let us make this Thursday 23 March a day of historic mobilisation. Share it around you, let us be millions on the streets. With just 9 votes, the government’s unfair pension reform would not have passed. But we must not resign ourselves. We still have one powerful means of pushing @emmanuelmacron to withdraw this reform: social and civic mobilisation. And Thursday’s will be crucial. Thursday is the moment to say NO. NO to social injustice. NO to arrogance. NO to contempt. On Thursday, it does not matter whether you are political or not, left-wing or not, close to or far from retirement, from here or elsewhere: this mobilisation goes beyond the usual divisions and differences. You know that I rarely intervene in French political debate and that I am not one for party reflexes, but it is time to show that the France committed to the principles of justice and equality, solidarity and empathy exists. And to make its voice heard. No emergency justified this forcing through. None. Emmanuel Macron’s policy amounts to arrogance and hubris. This Thursday, we must make him swallow his pride and not promulgate this unjust law. We can do it if we are numerous enough. The fight goes on. See you Thursday all over France!

42 021 engagementsOpen
Purchasing power1,055 posts · 2,954,626 engagements
2,2 %
+80 %
François RuffinNathalie ArthaudFabien Roussel
Read the most widely shared posts: Purchasing power
Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Radical left
TikTok
7 June 2024

This Sunday 9 June, one round, one ballot to give us the strength to change everything! For peace, against the cost of living and for human dignity, vote insoumis, vote Manon Aubry!

211 884 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
Instagram
21 November 2025

We want to cut VAT on gas, electricity, heating oil and fuel to 5.5%, because we consider these to be basic necessities. The aim is to create a purchasing-power shock for our fellow citizens.

163 581 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
TikTok
3 November 2023

Even with a salary, the French can no longer make ends meet. The weight of bills stops them living with dignity!

142 729 engagementsOpen
François Ruffin
Radical left
Instagram
3 November 2025

The only MP on the minimum wage! That bothers the RN, which pays for chauffeurs and butlers out of public funds. Hence the absurd accusations in the Assembly. I answer them. Despite Speaker Chenu, who wants to stop me from replying.

98 875 engagementsOpen
Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Radical left
TikTok
24 June 2024

To those who do not want to raise the minimum wage: do you know who you are punishing?

81 268 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
TikTok
1 June 2026

I have a solution to bring down fuel prices: cut VAT from 20% to 5.5%. This measure will benefit all French people, and will also apply to electricity, gas and heating oil!

77 920 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
TikTok
15 December 2025

Purchasing power is a daily emergency for millions of French people.

61 174 engagementsOpen
Clémentine Autain
Radical left
Instagram
25 November 2025

Mr Wauquiez, your manipulation is crude. Comparing a family of five living below the poverty line with a single employee makes no sense. The problem is not the cost of solidarity but the sharing of value. Over 40 years, the capital income of the ultra-rich has grown by 8% a year while wages have risen by just 1% a year. Coming from someone who spent €100,000 of public money on a single dinner, this moral lecture is the height of indecency.

59 726 engagementsOpen
Digital & AI652 posts · 1,703,920 engagements
1,4 %
+172 %
Bruno Le MaireFlorian PhilippotXavier Bertrand
Read the most widely shared posts: Digital & AI
Gabriel Attal
Centre
TikTok
30 April 2025

Screen bans, a digital curfew: I am making several proposals to regulate the use of screens and social media. Let’s discuss them in the comments!

376 895 engagementsOpen
François Ruffin
Radical left
Facebook
26 June 2026

In the middle of France, in the Indre, Google is going to build a giga data centre the size of 300 football pitches. Why are we against it? It is a six-legged scandal: • It will consume as much electricity as all the inhabitants of the department. • With the Cloud Act signed by Google, Trump, the FBI and the CIA will be able to search the data stored here. • To attract them, they are given gifts: the mayor has to keep quiet, they get water and electricity as a priority, ahead of residents and agriculture. • A tax break so that they pay half as much for electricity as residents do. • It produces heat (2 to 9 degrees more within a 10 km radius), which is not even recovered to heat nearby homes. • In winter, at peak consumption, the French are asked to cut back. But the data centres keep their priority to train their AI. France is the country in the world that invests the most in data centres this year, twice as much as the USA. For our digital sovereignty? On the contrary: we are becoming a digital colony. Here is why we are against this direction. The petition to sign: https://agir.greenvoice.fr/petitions/non-au-mega-centre-de-donnees-de-google-a-chateauroux?source=web_share_api&utm_source=web_share_api&share=1661a3e8-178d-4890-b2d3-91158d279a7e Thank you Ozans for saying no to the struggle!

55 891 engagementsOpen
Gabriel Attal
Centre
TikTok
21 November 2025

Social media ban for under-15s, digital curfew: it’s moving forward!

44 786 engagementsOpen
Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Radical left
X
21 May 2026

After my fake villa in the south-west, here is my fake villa in Marseille! Decidedly, between Israel’s foreign interference against the insoumis and Fake News made with generative AI, the presidential campaign is shaping up nicely! The government does not seem to

41 756 engagementsOpen
Nicolas Dupont-Aignan
Sovereigntist right
Instagram
4 November 2025

The end of the lifetime driving licence, the digital licence... LET’S NOT LET THEM DO THIS TO US ANY MORE! I invite you to sign the petition against the end of the lifetime licence, which you can find on the Debout la France website. #permis #voiture #european #politique #actualité

21 739 engagementsOpen
Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Radical left
X
17 May 2026

Unfortunately, I was not in Cannes. The fools who swallow whatever AI comes up with are ridiculous simpletons. However, never forget that the Cannes Film Festival was co-founded by the CGT at the Liberation and owes its existence to the working class

21 327 engagementsOpen
Dominique de Villepin
Centre right
Instagram
20 February 2026

Does violence have a place in politics? Can one die for ideas, can one kill for ideas? These questions come back head-on today and remind me of a major text by Albert Camus who, almost eighty years ago, was already asking: “can one kill in the name of justice without losing one’s humanity?” That text is Les Justes. A play that still resonates powerfully and never ceases to move us. It is the moral boundaries that form the foundation of our humanity. The refusal to kill the innocent. The refusal to rationalise violence. The refusal to sacrifice a life in the name of an ideology, as if the human being were merely a means. In the age of algorithms, where children are no longer faces but points on a digital map, where the industrialisation of violence worries us, Camus tells us that a victory paid for at the price of the inhuman is a defeat for civilisation.

21 150 engagementsOpen
Florian Philippot
Far right
X
11 February 2025

Huge! (see video ⤵️) Just now in Paris, US Vice President JD #Vance demolishes the European censorship regulation #DSA! “The United States will not accept it! It is bad for them but also for your countries!” “It is one thing to protect a child from paedophile predators, it is quite another to stop an adult from accessing an opinion that runs against his government”!… ➡️ #Ursula was staring at her shoes during this anti-censorship lesson and this very clear warning! Long live freedom of expression!

18 933 engagementsOpen
Housing544 posts · 1,898,250 engagements
1,1 %
+74 %
David LisnardFrançois RuffinLydie Massard
Read the most widely shared posts: Housing
Marine Le Pen
Far right
Instagram
10 December 2025

Where exactly do you find a €500 flat? If the Macronists have addresses, let them give them to the pensioners who earn more than €1,400 - and whom they consider rich!

405 792 engagementsOpen
Marine Le Pen
Far right
TikTok
10 December 2025

Where exactly do you find a €500 flat? If the Macronists have addresses, let them give the addresses to the pensioners who earn more than €1,400 - and whom they consider rich!

173 645 engagementsOpen
François Ruffin
Radical left
Instagram
28 January 2026

The President of the Republic is a dependant: no rent to pay, no bill at the end of dinner, no filling up at a motorway service area. What does he do with his €20,000? Buy Top Gun sunglasses? Yes, the minimum wage will be enough for me. And after that, we will carry out a new abolition of privileges! To join us: send NOUSPRESIDENT in the comments! 🔴 nouspresident.fr

109 844 engagementsOpen
Marine Tondelier
Left
Instagram
5 October 2025

Heated exchange with the owner of BHV and of the Galeries Lafayette stores that will sell SHEIN. Reminders: 1️⃣ up to 45% of fast fashion buyers regret their purchase 2️⃣ 70% of our clothes are never worn 3️⃣ textiles account for 10% of global emissions

104 534 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
Instagram
23 April 2024

Living in social housing when you are a criminal offender: for me, that is a no. What do you think?

93 490 engagementsOpen
Clémentine Autain
Radical left
Instagram
23 April 2026

Comment “MAIL” to receive my newsletter! Hope on the left! In 100 days as mayor of New York, Zohran Mamdani has already acted: free childcare, solidarity municipal grocery stores, a tenant protection office… And how is he funding these measures? With tax justice! He has teamed up with Gabriel Zucman to defend taxing the ultra-rich, as Eva Sas and I did when we brought the Zucman tax proposal to the National Assembly! And on top of that he was chosen by a primary! Let’s take a leaf out of his book!

88 631 engagementsOpen
Clémentine Autain
Radical left
TikTok
23 April 2026

Hope on the left! In 100 days as mayor of New York, Zohran Mamdani has already acted: free childcare, solidarity municipal grocery stores, a tenant protection office… And how is he funding these measures? With tax justice! He has teamed up with Gabriel Zucman to defend taxing the ultra-rich, as Eva Sas and I did when we brought the Zucman tax proposal to the National Assembly! And on top of that he was chosen by a primary! Let’s take a leaf out of his book!

83 091 engagementsOpen
Jordan Bardella
Far right
Instagram
5 March 2026

✅ When a home is illegally squatted, the police must step in. We must enforce PRIVATE PROPERTY.

81 363 engagementsOpen

What is rising, what is flat, what is falling

Change in each topic’s share of voice: the last six months (January to June 2026) compared with the previous six.

Rising

7 topics

  • Digital & AI+172 %
  • Purchasing power+80 %
  • Housing+74 %
  • Europe & sovereignty+64 %
  • Agriculture & rural affairs+31 %
  • International & defence+25 %
  • Environment & energy+21 %

Flat

2 topics

  • Security & justice-3 %
  • Immigration & identity-6 %

Falling

5 topics

  • Pensions-82 %
  • Institutions & democracy-45 %
  • Education & youth-19 %
  • Economy & employment-17 %
  • Health-11 %

The high points

Candidates’ voices, month by month

Key moments of the campaign

Number of posts classified across the 14 topics, month by month, with the events that shaped the candidates’ voices. The acceleration of 2025-2026 is the start of the campaign.

Réforme des retraites (64 ans)Émeutes après la mort de Nahel7 octobre / guerre Israël-HamasCrise agricole (blocages)Dissolution de l'AssembléeCensure du gouvernement BarnierPLF/PLFSS 20262023202420252026Pic : 2 652 publications en mai 2026

The candidates' signature

Who stands for what, from the far left to the far right

Each candidate’s signature

Share of each topic in each candidate’s posts since January 2023 (in %), candidates ranked from the far left to the far right. Circled cell: their number one topic. Click a cell to read its posts on the topic.

Purchasing powerEconomy & employmentPensionsHealthSecurity & justiceImmigration & identityEnvironment & energyEducation & youthInternational & defenceEurope & sovereigntyInstitutions & democracyAgriculture & rural affairsHousingDigital & AI
Far left
Nathalie Arthaud3,685 posts47225422260201·
Philippe Poutou2,712 posts1222711410161··
Radical left
Clémentine Autain4,970 posts1734622382811·
François Ruffin4,679 posts410255113635221
Jean-Luc Mélenchon4,570 posts1222511217251·1
Left
Marine Tondelier6,657 posts·215611027274··
Olivier Faure4,244 posts144352331131001·
Benjamin Lucas3,768 posts144342234117···
Boris Vallaud3,719 posts13454213431021·
Fabien Roussel3,490 posts37425224114730·
Ségolène Royal2,731 posts253682638342·0
Jérôme Guedj2,535 posts·241244·2416···
François Hollande2,113 posts·12152·214310000
Raphaël Glucksmann2,056 posts·1105121282161··
Bernard Cazeneuve1,073 posts12118424456·11
Delphine Batho1,006 posts·2318211523164··
Lydie Massard742 posts·1151143315482·
Centre
Gabriel Attal2,618 posts14233229655302
Elisabeth Borne1,529 posts0312512233451·2
Édouard Philippe681 posts·41221134121·1
Centre right
Gérald Darmanin3,747 posts·2·146412222··1
Bruno Le Maire1,838 posts3152121302732·3
Dominique de Villepin1,249 posts·302522220481·2
Right
David Lisnard3,770 posts16129225222122
Xavier Bertrand3,007 posts072253234654·2
Bruno Retailleau2,351 posts02211710135382··
Michel Barnier1,914 posts·21333217963··
Sovereigntist right
Nicolas Dupont-Aignan4,013 posts141363211211104·1
François Asselineau2,386 posts·3113212261552·0
Far right
Florian Philippot3,699 posts·213411·231955·2
Jordan Bardella3,662 posts1610611114864··
Éric Zemmour3,546 posts·3·1711056433··
Marine Le Pen2,006 posts1513551145941·
Other
Clara Egger241 posts····2·1·1412···

The political families

Which camp carries which topic

Which political families carry each topic

Breakdown of each topic’s posts by the candidate’s political family, since January 2023. The left has more candidates in the panel, so shares should be read topic against topic.

Far leftRadical leftLeftCentreCentre-rightRightSovereigntist rightFar right
  • International & defenceLeft leads (32%)
  • Security & justiceCentre-right leads (27%)
  • Institutions & democracyLeft leads (46%)
  • Europe & sovereigntyLeft leads (28%)
  • Economy & employmentLeft leads (26%)
  • HealthLeft leads (51%)
  • Education & youthLeft leads (30%)
  • Immigration & identityFar right leads (33%)
  • Environment & energyLeft leads (59%)
  • Agriculture & rural affairsLeft leads (31%)
  • PensionsLeft leads (51%)
  • Purchasing powerLeft leads (29%)
  • Digital & AIRight leads (20%)
  • HousingLeft leads (34%)

Emotion or facts

The register of the campaign

Emotion or facts

Share of posts in the factual register (figures, facts, data) and in the emotional register, using the same lexical markers as the observatory. Since late 2024, the factual register has doubled and remains ahead of emotion.

0 %10 %20 %2023 S12023 S22024 S12024 S22025 S12025 S22026 S1Factuel 17,1 %Émotion 11,6 %
EmotionFactual
  • Agriculture & rural affairs12,2 %8,5 %
  • Health11,6 %12,4 %
  • Security & justice11,4 %8,0 %
  • International & defence9,3 %7,5 %
  • Environment & energy9,1 %12,0 %
  • Housing7,9 %17,5 %
  • Institutions & democracy7,7 %8,4 %
  • Education & youth7,5 %8,8 %
  • Immigration & identity6,6 %7,6 %
  • Economy & employment6,4 %20,7 %
  • Europe & sovereignty6,2 %10,4 %
  • Pensions5,7 %14,3 %
  • Purchasing power4,5 %27,1 %
  • Digital & AI3,2 %13,7 %

The quotes that carried

The most widely shared posts

The quotes that resonated most

The campaign’s most widely shared posts since 2023, one per candidate, with their topic.

Proud of this people and their representatives @Sébastien Delogu who are standing up against the ongoing genocide in Palestine. End the genocide! Ceasefire! Now!
Jean-Luc MélenchonTikTok · 28 May 2024 · 885,954 engagements
International & defenceView the post
A Muslim is someone who believes in God and respects others. An Islamist is someone who believes in God and massacres others. They are two totally different things.
Marine Le PenInstagram · 7 November 2025 · 808,391 engagements
Immigration & identityView the post
Thank you to Les Bleus for their strong words against bullying at school. The general mobilisation to eradicate this scourge continues. #Harcelement #Harcelementcolaire #EquipeDeFrance #Football #mbappe #nonauharcelement
Gabriel AttalTikTok · 15 November 2023 · 495,116 engagements
Education & youthView the post
Faced with soaring fuel prices, let's cut taxes!
Jordan BardellaTikTok · 7 April 2026 · 430,655 engagements
Economy & employmentView the post
🚨 A pure scandal: @emmanuelmacron has just succeeded in excluding the definition and criminalisation of rape from the European law on violence against women.

This is a disgrace for our country, France, and a defeat for women’s rights in Europe. Spread the word
Raphaël GlucksmannInstagram · 6 February 2024 · 404,435 engagements
Europe & sovereigntyView the post
Marion Maréchal should be ashamed.

Ashamed of the MPs on her side who photographed little girls on a school trip to the Assembly because they were wearing the veil (which is allowed) before throwing them to the wolves on social media and CNEWS.

And ashamed of confusing Islam
Marine TondelierInstagram · 23 December 2025 · 347,411 engagements
Immigration & identityView the post

The ecosystem

The figures candidates follow and cite

Who matters to the candidates? For each figure, the number of candidates who follow their account on social media or cite them in their posts since January 2023. Followings recorded in May 2026 on X, Instagram, TikTok, Bluesky and Threads.

Influencers

Public figures outside politics

  1. 1
    Thomas Pesquetpublic figure (astronaut) · 1.3M followers
    16 candidates: 16 follow, 1 cites (2 mentions)
    Posts citing Thomas Pesquet
    ephilippe_lh
    X
    28 April 2024

    RT @Thom_astro: For reasons beyond our control, Friday’s postcard often ends up arriving on Saturday these days 🤣 …

    199 engagementsOpen
    ephilippe_lh
    X
    28 April 2024

    RT @Thom_astro: Classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its modern architecture, Le Havre, In Normandy 🇫🇷, is unforgettable from Ear…

    54 engagementsOpen
  2. 2
    Laurent RuquierTV presenter · 547k followers
    14 candidates: all follow
  3. 3
    Kylian Mbappésportsman (footballer) · 17.4M followers
    13 candidates: all follow
  4. 4
    Pierre Nineyactor · 573k followers
    13 candidates: all follow
  5. 5
    Camille Etienneenvironmental activist · 61k followers
    12 candidates: 12 follow, 1 cites (2 mentions)
    Posts citing Camille Etienne
    fhollande
    X
    17 May 2025

    Episode 6 of my podcast is available on all platforms! “Commitment today”, a fascinating conversation with @CamilleEtienne_ analysing the new forms of civic engagement in the age of social media. 🔗 https://t.co/di2aeGCilQ https://t.co/AGAYAUtFFQ

    59 engagementsOpen
    fhollande
    X
    18 May 2025

    The “NOs” that shook the world: an extract from episode 6 of my podcast with @CamilleEtienne_ 🔗 https://t.co/di2aeGCilQ https://t.co/xzPD9FrnQl

    52 engagementsOpen
  6. 6
    Jean Massietpolitical streamer (Accropolis) · 96k followers
    12 candidates: 12 follow, 1 cites (1 mention)
    Posts citing Jean Massiet
    clem_autain
    X
    5 February 2026

    I will be the political guest on @JeanMassiet’s show @Backseat_fr this Thursday 5 February at 9pm. You can follow it live on Twitch: https://t.co/YB1wWelkaJ https://t.co/MtmbhEuV4K

    37 engagementsOpen
  7. 7
    Antoine Griezmannfootballer · 8.3M followers
    11 candidates: 11 follow, 2 cite (5 mentions)
    Posts citing Antoine Griezmann
    elisabeth_borne
    X
    2 August 2024

    RT @AntoGriezmann: 🚨 MEDAL ALERT 🇫🇷 ! INCREDIBLE ! TRIPLEEEEEEE BMX !!!!!! 🥇 JOJO 🥈SYLVAIN 🥉ROMAIN #AlerteMédaille https://t.c…

    10 483 engagementsOpen
    brunolemaire
    X
    2 August 2024

    RT @AntoGriezmann: 🚨 MEDAL ALERT 🇫🇷 ! 🥉 FLOFLO MANAUDOU 🥉 💪🏼 LA BUCHE 💪🏼 #AlerteMédaille https://t.co/uxkchD662I

    4 719 engagementsOpen
    elisabeth_borne
    X
    6 August 2024

    RT @AntoGriezmann: 🚨MEDAL ALERT 🇫🇷 ! ( 2am 😅) 🥇 KAULI OLYMPIC CHAMPION ! 🥇 🌊 SA VAAAAAAGUE !!!! 🌊 #AlerteMedaille https:/…

    3 474 engagementsOpen
  8. 8
    Sophia Aramcomedian, columnist (France Inter) · 318k followers
    11 candidates: 11 follow, 2 cite (3 mentions)
    Posts citing Sophia Aram
    davidlisnard
    X
    7 April 2026

    A relentless and impeccable demonstration by @SophiaAram

    1 947 engagementsOpen
    xavierbertrand
    X
    30 October 2025

    I offer my full support to @SophiaAram. The pressure against her show planned in Roubaix is unworthy. I welcome the decision and the courage of @coliseeroubaix, which is not giving in to this intimidation. In the @hautsdefrance, culture will never go hand in hand with censorship.

    1 443 engagementsOpen
    davidlisnard
    X
    21 May 2026

    RT @SophiaAram: How, in a single article, @LeHuffPost confirms that it is indeed “the rag of the pack”.

    1 386 engagementsOpen

Journalists

Presenters, editorialists, reporters

  1. 1
    Apolline de Malherbepresenter (BFMTV/RMC) · 291k followers
    22 candidates: 21 follow, 9 cite (18 mentions)
    Posts citing Apolline de Malherbe
    villepin
    X
    28 October 2023

    https://t.co/OAO6MCh7WE Watch the full “Face à Face” interview with @apollineWakeUp - @RMCInfo - @BFMTV - 27 October 2023 https://t.co/BdSRR7CF5O

    4 078 engagementsOpen
    mlp_officiel
    X
    21 May 2026

    Tomorrow at 8.30am I will be the guest of @apollineWakeUp, on the BFMTV and RMC morning show ⤵️ https://t.co/elhiXioPj6

    943 engagementsOpen
    j_bardella
    X
    1 February 2026

    This Monday at 8.30am I will be the guest of @apollineWakeUp on BFMTV and RMC. https://t.co/vO9znxcuRn

    720 engagementsOpen
  2. 2
    Guillaume Daretjournalist (BFMTV, Brussels) · 76k followers
    21 candidates: 19 follow, 4 cite (5 mentions)
    Posts citing Guillaume Daret
    j_bardella
    X
    29 April 2026

    Tonight at 6.50pm I will be the guest of @GuillaumeDaret, live from the European Parliament on BFMTV. https://t.co/j4R9LH2cQv

    735 engagementsOpen
    villepin
    X
    8 March 2026

    See you in a moment, 12 noon on @BFMTV with @GuillaumeDaret! https://t.co/0Z6dUyjIsC

    401 engagementsOpen
    elisabeth_borne
    X
    24 May 2025

    📺 See you tomorrow from 12 noon. I will be the guest of @GuillaumeDaret on @BFMTV. https://t.co/e57xch54Wu

    367 engagementsOpen
  3. 3
    Adrien Gindrehead of the TF1-LCI political desk · 38k followers
    20 candidates: 17 follow, 7 cite (14 mentions)
    Posts citing Adrien Gindre
    elisabeth_borne
    X
    28 April 2025

    📺 See you tomorrow from 7.35am. I will be the guest of @agindre on #BonjourLaMatinaleTF1. https://t.co/So2PuxdHEj

    302 engagementsOpen
    bcazeneuve
    X
    11 June 2025

    I will be the guest of @agindre on @TF1 at 7.35am tomorrow. https://t.co/zjNQdayV8P

    163 engagementsOpen
    elisabeth_borne
    X
    14 May 2026

    Join me tomorrow at 7.35am on #EnTouteFranchise with @agindre on @TF1. #BonjourLaMatinaleTF1 https://t.co/IAXp8W7dyH

    88 engagementsOpen
  4. 4
    Francis Letellierjournalist (France Televisions) · 20k followers
    20 candidates: 17 follow, 5 cite (5 mentions)
    Posts citing Francis Letellier
    marinetondelier
    X
    13 December 2025

    🟢 Tomorrow I will be on the set of @DimPolitique at midday! 🎙️ And I will answer questions from Francis @letellier_ftv. https://t.co/sISDG9wtuO

    295 engagementsOpen
    elisabeth_borne
    X
    7 April 2025

    See you tonight at 7.30pm on “Lundi c’est politique” with @letellier_ftv on @LCP. #LCPol https://t.co/j6CW2mrRYv

    96 engagementsOpen
    lydiemassard1
    X
    4 May 2024

    RT @juliettemeadel: Tomorrow, Sunday, at midday I will be the guest of @letellier_ftv on @FranceTV to talk about the project of the @ETE_2024 list…

    31 engagementsOpen
  5. 5
    Léa Salamépresenter (France Inter/France 2) · 285k followers
    19 candidates: 15 follow, 5 cite (13 mentions)
    Posts citing Léa Salamé
    villepin
    X
    12 September 2024

    https://t.co/x7Qa0uq3kb Watch the full “Le Grand Entretien” interview with @LeaSalame and @ndemorand on @franceinter - 12 September 2024 https://t.co/b36gFRo3Ht

    10 564 engagementsOpen
    elisabeth_borne
    X
    19 December 2023

    See you tomorrow at 8.20am. I will be the guest on Le Grand entretien on @franceinter. I will answer questions from @LeaSalame and @ndemorand. #Le79Inter https://t.co/vWx2uKOWlr

    1 215 engagementsOpen
    elisabeth_borne
    X
    5 November 2023

    See you tomorrow at 8.15am. I will be the guest on Le Grand entretien on @franceinter. I will answer current-affairs questions from @LeaSalame and @ndemorand, then those from listeners. #Le79Inter https://t.co/SFesTjP6FA

    840 engagementsOpen
  6. 6
    Caroline RouxTV presenter (France Televisions) · 125k followers
    19 candidates: 17 follow, 3 cite (6 mentions)
    Posts citing Caroline Roux
    François Hollande
    Left
    X
    30 May 2024

    Conflict in the Middle East, war in Ukraine, Europe: tonight I will be the guest of @Caroline_Roux on @LevenementFTV! See you at 8.40pm on France 2. https://t.co/KGZR3ABd6f

    128 engagementsOpen
    villepin
    X
    22 February 2023

    https://t.co/JExnosL1be… Watch the full @LevenementFTV programme on @France2tv presented by @Caroline_Roux - 16 February 2023 https://t.co/wyoxA9TLR7

    108 engagementsOpen
    borisvallaud
    X
    23 April 2026

    I am the guest of @Caroline_Roux on @Cdanslair on France 5. See you at 5.25pm. https://t.co/YS8uainXcO

    42 engagementsOpen
  7. 7
    Edwy Plenelfounder of Mediapart · 973k followers
    18 candidates: 18 follow, 7 cite (15 mentions)
    Posts citing Edwy Plenel
    villepin
    X
    18 January 2025

    L'echappée show with @edwyplenel, 17/01/2025 https://t.co/bfT2nxGed1

    3 000 engagementsOpen
    philippepoutou
    X
    25 April 2024

    RT @edwyplenel: Among left-wing figures, @olbesancenot today holds the line that brings together all those who…

    2 344 engagementsOpen
    borisvallaud
    X
    28 April 2026

    RT @edwyplenel: To the very end, Macronism will have served as a stepping stone for the far right: thanks to the abstention of elected officials from the presidential camp…

    1 244 engagementsOpen
  8. 8
    Thomas Sottopresenter (RTL/TF1) · 372k followers
    18 candidates: 13 follow, 8 cite (13 mentions)
    Posts citing Thomas Sotto
    j_bardella
    X
    28 January 2026

    This Thursday at 7.40am I will be the guest of @ThomasSotto on RTL. https://t.co/GVJx7RNSft

    1 039 engagementsOpen
    elisabeth_borne
    X
    31 August 2025

    🎙️ Join me tomorrow from 7.40am on @ThomasSotto’s microphone on @RTLFrance! https://t.co/mu1UWDqLjJ

    350 engagementsOpen
    bcazeneuve
    X
    18 October 2023

    I was the guest today on @telematin - #Les4V Watch my interview with @ThomasSotto: https://t.co/GoHs8gX89h"

    169 engagementsOpen

Experts

Researchers, economists, think tanks

  1. 1
    Jacques Attaliessayist, economist · 238k followers
    13 candidates: all follow
  2. 2
    Gérard Araudformer ambassador, essayist · 164k followers
    12 candidates: 11 follow, 1 cites (1 mention)
    Posts citing Gérard Araud
    benjam1lucas
    X
    28 February 2026

    RT @GerardAraud: Europeans are keeping shamefully quiet, or even actually justifying the Israeli-American strikes while pretending to forget t…

    445 engagementsOpen
  3. 3
    Thomas Porchereconomist · 145k followers
    12 candidates: all follow
  4. 4
    Gabriel Zucmaneconomist (taxation of the ultra-rich) · 125k followers
    11 candidates: 10 follow, 6 cite (13 mentions)
    Posts citing Gabriel Zucman
    benjam1lucas
    X
    14 October 2025

    RT @gabriel_zucman: In the finance bill I have just read, everything has been done to spare Bernard Arnault and the billio…

    4 103 engagementsOpen
    Clémentine Autain
    Radical left
    X
    1 September 2025

    RT @gabriel_zucman: Good evening Mr @bayrou, I am very surprised by your comments on the minimum tax on the ultra-rich, that is, those with wealth…

    2 454 engagementsOpen
    Boris Vallaud
    Left
    X
    13 January 2026

    RT @gabriel_zucman: The comments made today by our former economy minister are edifying: “The Public Finances Directorate…

    1 690 engagementsOpen
  5. 5
    Dominique Reyniépolitical scientist (Fondapol) · 81k followers
    11 candidates: 11 follow, 1 cites (1 mention)
    Posts citing Dominique Reynié
    xavierbertrand
    X
    4 April 2025

    RT @DominiqueReynie: The lack of courage can be read on the faces of these masked young people. In a free country, you do not hide your fa…

    1 056 engagementsOpen
  6. 6
    Ifop Opinionpolling institute · 63k followers
    11 candidates: all follow
  7. 7
    Ph. Moreau Chevroletpolitical scientist, communications consultant · 21k followers
    11 candidates: all follow
  8. 8
    Raphaël Enthovenphilosopher, essayist · 295k followers
    10 candidates: 10 follow, 1 cites (1 mention)
    Posts citing Raphaël Enthoven
    davidlisnard
    X
    13 April 2026

    RT @Enthoven_R: “The lynching of Boualem Sansal in the self-righteous press is a sign of the death throes of a cultural power that, after ha…

    1 090 engagementsOpen

Doctors and carers

Healthcare professionals

  1. 1
    Patrick Pellouxemergency physician, columnist (Charlie Hebdo) · 95k followers
    8 candidates: all follow
  2. 2
    Marie Chantraitemergency physician, health trade unionist · 9k followers
    6 candidates: 6 follow, 1 cites (1 mention)
    Posts citing Marie Chantrait
    mlp_officiel
    X
    24 February 2026

    Join me this Wednesday at 9pm for an interview with @mchantrait and @sophiedupont_ on BFMTV ⤵️ https://t.co/2InWrlUIt7

    1 548 engagementsOpen
  3. 3
    Didier Raoultinfectious disease specialist · 1.0M followers
    6 candidates: all follow
  4. 4
    Sabrina Ali Benaliemergency physician, health activist · 64k followers
    6 candidates: all follow
  5. 5
    L'Inter-Urgencescollective of emergency carers · 11k followers
    6 candidates: all follow

Lobbies and civil society

Companies, associations, NGOs, foundations

  1. 1
    Attac Francealter-globalisation campaigning association · 144k followers
    12 candidates: 10 follow, 5 cite (6 mentions)
    Posts citing Attac France
    Benjamin Lucas
    Left
    X
    19 September 2025

    RT @attac_fr: By rejecting the Zucman tax, the RN is aligning itself with Macron and the Medef. From Macron to the RN, when they spare the billionaires,…

    820 engagementsOpen
    faureolivier
    X
    25 April 2026

    RT @attac_fr: 40 years ago, the fortune of the richest 0.0001% (the billionaires) was equivalent to 2% of world GDP. To…

    794 engagementsOpen
    Ségolène Royal
    Left
    X
    9 July 2025

    RT @attac_fr: The 2,200 public aid schemes for businesses amount to €211 billion: the State’s biggest budget item, paid out without…

    703 engagementsOpen
  2. 2
    Oxfam Francecampaigning NGO · 127k followers
    12 candidates: all follow
  3. 3
    Fondation pour le Logementcharity (housing, formerly Fondation Abbé Pierre) · 132k followers
    10 candidates: 9 follow, 1 cites (2 mentions)
    Posts citing Fondation pour le Logement
    François Hollande
    Left
    X
    2 April 2026

    In our country, more than 4 million people are poorly housed. 350,000 people are homeless. Nearly 3 million social housing applications are pending. We have just lived through what the @Fond_Logement describes as a black year. “Housing, at the heart of https://t.co/ufFXnagRet

    245 engagementsOpen
    François Hollande
    Left
    X
    3 April 2026

    “Housing, at the heart of France’s fractures” With @chrstphe_robert, general delegate of the @Fond_Logement 🎧 Listen here: https://t.co/XjskJNFJOD

    94 engagementsOpen
  4. 4
    Anticoranti-corruption association · 146k followers
    10 candidates: 9 follow, 1 cites (1 mention)
    Posts citing Anticor
    Lydie Massard
    Left
    X
    26 June 2023

    RT @UDB__: We are worried about the Government’s current excesses, which are scratching our already ailing democracy. @anticor_org, @lessoule…

    22 engagementsOpen
  5. 5
    Latifa Ibn Ziatenassociation president (fight against radicalisation) · 66k followers
    9 candidates: all follow
  6. 6
    Greenpeace Franceenvironmental NGO · 376k followers
    8 candidates: 7 follow, 1 cites (2 mentions)
    Posts citing Greenpeace France
    Delphine Batho
    Left
    X
    28 June 2023

    RT @laernoes: 1/4 @Disclose_ngo and @greenpeacefr today reveal the government’s schemes to speed up the installation of the termina…

    7 engagementsOpen
    Delphine Batho
    Left
    X
    8 October 2023

    RT @bizimugi: “Climate: where do we stand?” We take stock with @delphinebatho, MP, @jfjulliard, managing director of @greenpeacefr, and @…

    5 engagementsOpen
  7. 7
    Caisses de grève (Gauche Gaza / Antifasciste)activist collective · 108k followers
    8 candidates: 7 follow, 1 cites (1 mention)
    Posts citing Caisses de grève (Gauche Gaza / Antifasciste)
    royalsegolene
    X
    2 May 2025

    RT @caissesdegreve: 👏 @RoyalSegolene https://t.co/7nicaPFY2B

    1 375 engagementsOpen
  8. 8
    Denis Olivennesmedia executive (formerly Europe 1, Lagardère) · 61k followers
    7 candidates: 6 follow, 1 cites (1 mention)
    Posts citing Denis Olivennes
    bcazeneuve
    X
    15 April 2023

    “Au bonheur des livres” @publicsenat @Dugainmarc @Olivennes the video ✅ https://t.co/Eu6PeUmfFH

    112 engagementsOpen

Federations and trade unions

Trade unions, federations, professional bodies

  1. 1
    Laurent Bergertrade unionist (former general secretary of the CFDT) · 40k followers
    14 candidates: all follow
  2. 2
    CGTtrade union confederation · 51k followers
    12 candidates: 11 follow, 6 cite (8 mentions)
    Posts citing CGT
    clem_autain
    X
    11 April 2026

    RT @lacgtcommunique: 🚨 URGENT: we need you to save 1 May. 10,000 people have already signed to denounce this forcing through…

    396 engagementsOpen
    fabien_roussel
    X
    2 December 2025

    Denouncing offshoring and wealth inequality is not a crime! Support for @BinetSophie and the @lacgtcommunique in the face of this attempt to intimidate the trade union movement, at a time when the need for strong popular mobilisation is being felt across the country!

    272 engagementsOpen
    fabien_roussel
    X
    12 September 2025

    📢 At the @Fetedelhumanite with the railway workers, @lacgtcommunique, @SophieBinet and all those fighting for public services! When we talk about trains that run, rights that advance and struggles that pay off, this is where it happens. Let’s shift the lines! https://t.co/VBEatlHZUR

    152 engagementsOpen
  3. 3
    Laurence Parisotformer MEDEF president, Ifop vice-president · 54k followers
    12 candidates: all follow
  4. 4
    Sophie Binetgeneral secretary of the CGT · 81k followers
    11 candidates: 9 follow, 7 cite (14 mentions)
    Posts citing Sophie Binet
    michelbarnier
    X
    25 September 2024

    Thank you to @BinetSophie and @FHommeril for our discussions today. I listen to and hear your concerns, your demands, your proposals. This is only the beginning of a dialogue that I wish to continue. Compromises are possible. They are necessary for the country to move forward. https://t.co/s0ciyMtlyF

    689 engagementsOpen
    borisvallaud
    X
    9 April 2026

    RT @BinetSophie: Caught red-handed lying about their wish to make us work on 1 May, the Macronists are bringing out the oars…

    449 engagementsOpen
    fabien_roussel
    X
    16 September 2025

    RT @BinetSophie: The people of Gaza have lived through another night of terror. Stop. An immediate ceasefire must come into force and sanct…

    404 engagementsOpen
  5. 5
    MEDEFemployers’ organisation · 56k followers
    10 candidates: 8 follow, 4 cite (4 mentions)
    Posts citing MEDEF
    Gérald Darmanin
    Centre right
    X
    27 August 2025

    Before the entrepreneurs of France gathered by @medef to introduce the “mock trial of entrepreneurship”. I stressed the need for regulatory stability and the simplification my ministry is delivering to support the growth of our businesses and of our https://t.co/x0yralIG4l

    210 engagementsOpen
    Gabriel Attal
    Centre
    X
    29 August 2025

    RT @ValerieHayer: At #LaREF25 of the @medef, @GabrielAttal recalls one of our great challenges: preventing France and Europe from being a colon…

    119 engagementsOpen
    brunolemaire
    X
    20 June 2024

    RT @medef: Hearings - Legislative Elections | 20 June https://t.co/YI4UNSnS0M

    38 engagementsOpen
  6. 6
    Confederation Paysannefarmers’ union · 44k followers
    10 candidates: 10 follow, 2 cite (4 mentions)
    Posts citing Confederation Paysanne
    Lydie Massard
    Left
    X
    7 February 2024

    RT @ConfPaysanne: #Lactalis: the @ConfPaysanne relentlessly fights the predators of the value of farm incomes. Our press release…

    202 engagementsOpen
    marinetondelier
    X
    9 January 2026

    This brutal repression of peaceful demonstrations is unbearable, but unfortunately it too has become commonplace. It must stop, and the spokespeople of the @ConfPaysanne must be released as soon as possible. All my support to them in this deeply unequal struggle.

    104 engagementsOpen
    Lydie Massard
    Left
    X
    21 March 2024

    RT @Fr_Bechieau: With the @ConfPaysanne, in front of the #Senat, to say No to #CETA and to free trade that is killing the farming world, agricultu…

    21 engagementsOpen
  7. 7
    Marylise Léontrade unionist (general secretary of the CFDT) · 10k followers
    10 candidates: 10 follow, 2 cite (2 mentions)
    Posts citing Marylise Léon
    michelbarnier
    X
    24 September 2024

    Dear @MaryliseLeon, dear @PatrickMartin_1, thank you for our discussions this afternoon. It was important for me to listen to you. And I will continue in the coming days with the other social partners. Dialogue and trust. That is how we will https://t.co/giKy3eckw2

    748 engagementsOpen
    delphinebatho
    X
    4 March 2024

    RT @MaryliseLeon: Historic vote. Immense joy at the announcement of the results. It feels so good to share it and live it together! #IV…

    43 engagementsOpen
  8. 8
    AMF (Assoc. des Maires de France)association of local elected officials · 40k followers
    8 candidates: 7 follow, 4 cite (7 mentions)
    Posts citing AMF (Assoc. des Maires de France)
    Elisabeth Borne
    Centre
    X
    13 June 2025

    The Republic’s school system is built day after day, in every area. Because school is a collective project, I have signed a first-of-its-kind agreement to establish a framework of dialogue, trust and joint action with the mayors of @l_amf. To better anticipate the map https://t.co/X2aDDKoju2

    368 engagementsOpen
    Elisabeth Borne
    Centre
    X
    28 February 2025

    Constructive discussions today with @FLeturque, chair of the education commission of @l_amf, on defining a new way of working between local elected officials and the Education Ministry to better prepare and anticipate the school map each year. Elected of a https://t.co/2p7l8dKCRK

    73 engagementsOpen
    fabien_roussel
    X
    17 November 2025

    @l_amf Congress: the stakes for our municipalities are IMMENSE. We do not want a new raid on local authority budgets, no to the €7.5 billion of savings planned in the 2026 budget! I will be there from tomorrow to meet all the elected officials!

    61 engagementsOpen

The organisations cited

Companies, media and institutions in the candidates’ mouths

The most cited companies, media and organisations

Number of candidate posts citing them since January 2023, based on the sector study lexicons, with the candidates who cite them most.

1
CNewsMedia
482citations since 2023
27 candidates, mostly
2
TikTokDigital / Tech
287citations since 2023
24 candidates, mostly
3
Vivendi / BolloréMedia
199citations since 2023
16 candidates, mostly
4
TotalEnergiesEnergy
139citations since 2023
24 candidates, mostly
5
ARCOMMedia · Digital / Tech
130citations since 2023
22 candidates, mostly
6
Le MondeMedia
127citations since 2023
23 candidates, mostly
7
SHEINRetail
97citations since 2023
15 candidates, mostly
8
EDFEnergy
96citations since 2023
22 candidates, mostly
9
StellantisAutomotive
87citations since 2023
16 candidates, mostly
10
FNSEAAgri-food / Retail
72citations since 2023
18 candidates, mostly
11
AmazonRetail · Digital / Tech
59citations since 2023
12 candidates, mostly
12
RenaultAutomotive
55citations since 2023
19 candidates, mostly

Those who are fading

The big losers of the online campaign

Those who are fading

Figures the candidates cited in 2023 and now barely cite: change in their share of citations from 2023 to 2025-2026 (relative to each year’s volume of posts).

  • Ministère de l'Économieministry
    23242526
    -98 %
  • Gouvernement françaisofficial government account
    23242526
    -98 %
  • Fédération Française de Rugbysports federation
    23242526
    -84 %
  • Léa Salamépresenter (France Inter/France 2)
    23242526
    -73 %
  • L'Opinionnewspaper
    23242526
    -67 %
  • Le Mondenewspaper
    23242526
    -64 %
  • France Interpublic radio
    23242526
    -15 %

Social media and Parliament

Online speech versus parliamentary work

What they say, what they table

On the left, each topic’s weight in the social media posts of the 34 candidates (January 2023 to June 2026). On the right, its weight in the parliamentary initiatives of the 15 candidates who sat in the National Assembly or the Senate (2023 to 2026). Each side is read out of 100% of its 14 topics.

Social mediaParliament
6,1 %
Health
17,8 %
8,6 %
Economy & employment
15,8 %
6,1 %
Education & youth
9,8 %
4,9 %
Environment & energy
9,1 %
14,2 %
Security & justice
8,6 %
13,0 %
Institutions & democracy
7,1 %
2,2 %
Purchasing power
6,0 %
18,6 %
International & defence
5,4 %
4,0 %
Pensions
5,3 %
4,2 %
Agriculture & rural affairs
4,9 %
5,8 %
Immigration & identity
3,8 %
1,1 %
Housing
2,7 %
9,7 %
Europe & sovereignty
2,4 %
1,4 %
Digital & AI
1,5 %

The signature topic, on social media and in Parliament

For each candidate who has held a seat, their number one topic in their posts and their number one topic in their parliamentary initiatives.

CandidateNo. 1 on social mediaNo. 1 in Parliament
Benjamin Lucas Institutions & democracy 17% of their posts Economy & employment 16 initiatives out of 72 Different priorities
Boris Vallaud Institutions & democracy 10% of their posts Health 34 initiatives out of 105 Different priorities
Bruno Retailleau Security & justice 17% of their posts Institutions & democracy 8 initiatives out of 21 Different priorities
Clémentine Autain Institutions & democracy 8% of their posts Health 15 initiatives out of 60 Different priorities
Delphine Batho Health 18% of their posts Health 28 initiatives out of 102 Same priority
Fabien Roussel International & defence 11% of their posts Economy & employment 10 initiatives out of 35 Different priorities
François Hollande International & defence 14% of their posts Economy & employment 5 initiatives out of 17 Different priorities
François Ruffin Economy & employment 10% of their posts Economy & employment 64 initiatives out of 135 Same priority
Gabriel Attal Education & youth 9% of their posts Security & justice 3 initiatives out of 6 Different priorities
Gérald Darmanin Security & justice 46% of their posts Economy & employment 1 initiative out of 3 Different priorities
Jordan Bardella Immigration & identity 11% of their posts Europe & sovereignty 55 initiatives out of 256 Different priorities
Jérôme Guedj Health 12% of their posts Health 71 initiatives out of 204 Same priority
Marine Le Pen Institutions & democracy 9% of their posts Security & justice 16 initiatives out of 55 Different priorities
Michel Barnier Europe & sovereignty 9% of their posts Health 5 initiatives out of 17 Different priorities
Nicolas Dupont-Aignan International & defence 12% of their posts Health 13 initiatives out of 36 Different priorities
Olivier Faure International & defence 11% of their posts International & defence 13 initiatives out of 54 Same priority
Raphaël Glucksmann International & defence 28% of their posts International & defence 65 initiatives out of 175 Same priority

In Parliament

Questions, private members’ bills, amendments and explanations of vote since 2023

6% then 18%

Health, discreet online, dominates in Parliament

It accounts for 6% of social media posts but 18% of parliamentary initiatives, the top topic ahead of economy and employment (16%).

46% then 21%

Security, international affairs, institutions: strong online, weaker in the chamber

These three topics make up 46% of online speech and 21% of parliamentary initiatives.

12 of 17

Priorities that change ground

12 of 17 candidates do not have the same number one topic on social media and in Parliament.

19 of 34

A little over half have held a seat

19 held a mandate as MP, senator or MEP between 2023 and 2026. The other 15 have no parliamentary activity to measure.

National Assembly and Senate

Own initiatives of the candidates who sat as MP or senator between 2023 and 2026. Volumes depend on the length of the mandate, shown in the table below.

Purchasing powerEconomy & employmentPensionsHealthSecurity & justiceImmigration & identityEnvironment & energyEducation & youthInternational & defenceEurope & sovereigntyInstitutions & democracyAgriculture & rural affairsHousingDigital & AI
Jérôme Guedj204 initiatives143013712215263720719786
François Ruffin135 initiatives964632173141568107·4
Boris Vallaud105 initiatives11251134969127161252
Delphine Batho102 initiatives11125286·255·372663
Benjamin Lucas72 initiatives416349811142·1544·
Clémentine Autain60 initiatives2135155141521814·
Marine Le Pen55 initiatives453616710473712·
Olivier Faure54 initiatives71110642481325213
Nicolas Dupont-Aignan36 initiatives4721341751212··
Fabien Roussel35 initiatives710483·431·2·4·
Bruno Retailleau21 initiatives11·1732·418···
François Hollande17 initiatives353321·2······
Michel Barnier17 initiatives·1253··3431··1
Gabriel Attal6 initiatives····31·12·1···
Gérald Darmanin3 initiatives·1·1···1······

Figure = number of distinct initiatives on the topic (a question, a private member’s bill, or an amended bill regardless of the number of amendments). Intensity = the topic’s weight in the candidate’s activity. Circled cell = their number one topic.

European Parliament

Jordan Bardella and Raphaël Glucksmann, MEPs throughout the period. Shown in a separate table: an explanation of vote counts as a single vote.

Purchasing powerEconomy & employmentPensionsHealthSecurity & justiceImmigration & identityEnvironment & energyEducation & youthInternational & defenceEurope & sovereigntyInstitutions & democracyAgriculture & rural affairsHousingDigital & AI
Jordan Bardella256 initiatives13461212525251528553018·3
Raphaël Glucksmann175 initiatives522·42311132652139118

Figure = number of distinct initiatives on the topic (a question, a private member’s bill, or an amended bill regardless of the number of amendments). Intensity = the topic’s weight in the candidate’s activity. Circled cell = their number one topic.

Excel appendix of parliamentary texts

The candidates at a glance

Mandate since 2023, volume, main topics, link to each profile

CandidateAssemblyYears
in office
Own
initiatives
Government bills signed as ministerThree main topics
Jérôme GuedjMP 3,65204-
HealthEducation & youthEconomy & employment
François RuffinMP 3,12135-
Economy & employmentHealthSecurity & justice
Boris VallaudMP 3,12105-
HealthEconomy & employmentEducation & youth
Delphine BathoMP 3,12102-
HealthAgriculture & rural affairsEnvironment & energy
Benjamin LucasMP 3,6572-
Economy & employmentInstitutions & democracyEducation & youth
Clémentine AutainMP 3,1460-
HealthEducation & youthEconomy & employment
Marine Le PenMP 3,1455-
Security & justiceEnvironment & energyImmigration & identity
Olivier FaureMP 3,1454-
International & defenceEconomy & employmentPensions
Nicolas Dupont-AignanMP 0,9136-
HealthEconomy & employmentEnvironment & energy
Fabien RousselMP 0,9135-
Economy & employmentHealthPurchasing power
François HollandeMP 2,2117-
Economy & employmentPurchasing powerPensions
Michel BarnierMP 0,991713
HealthInternational & defenceSecurity & justice
Bruno RetailleauSenator 1,8211
Institutions & democracySecurity & justiceInternational & defence
Jordan BardellaMEP 3,73256-
Europe & sovereigntyEconomy & employmentInstitutions & democracy
Raphaël GlucksmannMEP 3,73175-
International & defenceInstitutions & democracySecurity & justice
Gabriel AttalGovernment 1,77625
Security & justiceInternational & defenceImmigration & identity
Gérald DarmaninGovernment 0,1318
Economy & employmentHealthEducation & youth
Bruno Le MaireGovernment -040
government bills
Elisabeth BorneGovernment 3,2078
government bills

Click a name to open their profile, or a column header to sort. European Parliament volumes cannot be compared with those of the National Assembly: an explanation of vote counts as one vote.

No mandate since 2023

15 figures have not sat in any assembly since January 2023: their voice is measured on social media.

Bernard Cazeneuve
Clara Egger
David Lisnard
Dominique de Villepin
Florian Philippot
François Asselineau
Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Lydie Massard
Marine Tondelier
Nathalie Arthaud
Philippe Poutou
Ségolène Royal
Xavier Bertrand
Édouard Philippe
Éric Zemmour

The candidate profiles

What their texts show since 2023, topic by topic

MPs in the National Assembly

Jérôme Guedj

MP 3.65 years

204own initiatives
2,167own texts
10,410co-signatures

With 2,373 texts tabled between 2023 and 2026, in the National Assembly only, Jérôme Guedj shows an exceptional volume of activity, more than 85% of it concentrated on amendments and written questions tabled as author, mainly on the Social Security financing bills (health, pensions, economy and employment, purchasing power). He is the direct author of only two private members’ bills (the shared-initiative referendum against raising the retirement age to 64, and the creation of a Defender of secularism) and co-signs all the others in large numbers, which points to a profile of intensive scrutiny of the government on social and health policy rather than the role of an initiator of major legislation.

HealthMixed71 initiatives

Guedj exercises intensive scrutiny of health policy through 963 amendments and 60 written questions tabled as author. His amendments relate first to the Social Security financing bills (348 on the 2024 PLFSS, 308 on the Bien Vieillir law, 151 on the 2025 PLFSS, 74 on the 2026 PLFSS) and aim to counter savings measures (capping alcohol taxation, contribution exemptions) or to strengthen funding (topping up the hospital ONDAM, funding the autonomy branch). His written questions denounce medical deserts, the crisis in care homes (EHPAD) and psychiatry, medicine shortages and malnutrition in care facilities. He co-signs numerous bills on mental health, wheelchairs and end of life, without being their author.

Education & youthMixed37 initiatives

Guedj defends secularism in schools through a question to the government, and questions the ministry on school health services, the abolition of local preparatory classes and the schooling of non-French-speaking pupils. He co-signs numerous bills on child protection (a lawyer for the child in educational assistance, support for young people leaving child welfare), the regulation of private for-profit nurseries, and the introduction of a €1 meal for all students.

Economy & employmentMixed30 initiatives

Guedj co-signs several tax justice bills (taxes on private jets, superyachts and cruise ships, tabled and re-tabled between 2023 and 2025), as well as texts to make permanent and extend the Territoires zéro chômeur de longue durée scheme and to combat the uberisation of the medico-social sector. His 485 amendments as author relate mainly to the successive PLFSS, where he opposes social contribution exemptions on profit-sharing, employee participation schemes and overtime, which he considers costly for Social Security. His written questions also cover reindustrialisation and industrial sovereignty (electric batteries, chemicals, the space sector).

Environment & energyMixed26 initiatives

Guedj questions the government on adaptation to climate change (repeated droughts, forest fires, coastal erosion, heatwaves), on regulating the siting of data centres in his Essonne constituency, and on the privatisation of groundwater by Coca-Cola in Grigny. He co-signs European draft resolutions against the renewal of the glyphosate authorisation and against the deregulation of new GMOs, as well as a bill against the overcharging of electricity prices.

Security & justiceMixed22 initiatives

Guedj multiplies written questions on insecurity in his constituency (urban rodeos, illegal vehicle stripping, brawls between young people in Essonne) and on failings in the justice system, notably prison overcrowding condemned by the European Court of Human Rights. He co-signs several bills to combat sexual and intrafamilial violence (creation of a specific offence of incest, tackling online child sexual abuse) and to compensate victims of chlordecone.

International & defenceScrutiny20 initiatives

Guedj questions the government on many international issues: military support for Ukraine, the humanitarian situation in Gaza and the coverage of Palestinians, the withdrawal of French troops from the Sahel, and the safety of French military personnel and aid workers on operations abroad. He co-signs a resolution on relaunching the Israeli-Palestinian peace process and another on using frozen Russian assets for Ukraine’s reconstruction.

Institutions & democracyMixed19 initiatives

Guedj is the author of a constitutional bill creating a Defender of secularism. He tables 37 amendments as author, notably on the constitutional bill to enshrine Social Security in the Constitution, to write in the principle of universality and to limit the use of article 49, paragraph 3, on financial texts. He co-signs an organic bill to introduce proportional representation in legislative elections, and questions the government on postponing the date of the 2026 municipal elections.

Immigration & identityMixed15 initiatives

Guedj co-signs a bill to repeal the national preference measures of the 2023 Immigration Act, and a resolution calling for a commission of inquiry into the consequences of the Le Touquet agreements for people in a migration situation. A significant part of his activity on this topic concerns secularism: a question to the government for the 120th anniversary of the 1905 law, an oral question calling for a dedicated public policy, and written questions on the absence of sanctions for breaches of secularism and of meetings of the dedicated interministerial committee. His written questions also flag residence permit processing delays at the Essonne prefecture.

Purchasing powerMixed14 initiatives

Guedj co-signs several bills against the cost of living, notably in the overseas territories, to reduce food prices and to create Zero Hunger Territories in the face of food insecurity. His 142 amendments as author relate mainly to the 2025 and 2026 PLFSS, where he defends a targeted cut in the CSG on earned income between 1 and 1.4 times the minimum wage (SMIC) and opposes the reduction of certain social exemptions on meal vouchers and holiday vouchers. His written questions denounce poverty and extreme poverty in France as well as the price of braille books.

PensionsOpposition13 initiatives

Guedj opposes the 2023 pension reform: he is the author of a referendum bill (article 11 of the Constitution) to keep the legal age at 62, and co-signs two bills to repeal the raising of the age to 64. He tables 634 amendments as author, including 574 on the 2023 supplementary Social Security financing bill that carried the reform, seeking in particular to protect the special schemes (RATP) and not to raise contributions for civil servants in active-duty categories. On the following PLFSS, he proposes financing the system differently, by taxing capital and superprofits rather than by pushing back the retirement age.

HousingMixed8 initiatives

Guedj co-signs bills against rental speculation in high-demand areas, against fraudulent notices to quit, and to speed up the energy renovation of housing. His written questions denounce corruption in the allocation of social housing and call for the abolition of the solidarity rent reduction (RLS) for social landlords.

Europe & sovereigntyMixed7 initiatives

Guedj mainly co-signs European draft resolutions (16 of the 31 texts on the topic): against glyphosate and new genetically modified organisms, for a European wealth tax, against the EU-US tariff agreement of 27 July 2025. His written questions concern the European Union’s enlargement negotiations with Georgia and Armenia.

Agriculture & rural affairsMixed7 initiatives

Guedj co-signs bills on farm income and the sharing of value in the agri-food chain, on farmers’ mental health, and on the obligation to display the Nutri-Score. His written questions concern the handling of avian flu in Essonne and the shortage of food donations.

Digital & AIMixed6 initiatives

On a small volume, Guedj co-signs a European resolution calling for full application of the Digital Services Act (DSA) and another on European cooperation against online child sexual abuse. His written questions concern fibre optic failures in Wissous and the postponement to 2027 of digital accessibility for public websites. One text classified under this topic (residence permit processing times) actually has no connection with digital matters, see erreurs_classement.

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François Ruffin

MP 3.12 years

135own initiatives
1,220own texts
24,986co-signatures

A highly prolific MP since 2023 (1,487 texts recorded, excluding 24,719 undetailed amendment co-signatures), most of it devoted to opposing the 2023 pension reform (more than 770 amendments to the supplementary financing bill) and to scrutinising the government through hundreds of written questions on factory closures and the taxation of the wealthiest. He co-signs a very large number of bills and resolutions from the parliamentary left, notably on sexist and sexual violence, democratic institutions and opposition to European free trade agreements.

Economy & employmentScrutiny64 initiatives

He multiplies written questions to alert the government to industrial closures and offshoring (Tereos, Verallia, Metex, Valeo, Orange Bank, Prysmian-Draka, Auchan, Watts) and to tax evasion by the wealthiest (holding companies, tax fraud, name and shame). He co-signs many bills to tax superprofits, reinstate the wealth tax, cap executive pay in companies and protect subcontractors and employees against stock-market-driven redundancies.

HealthScrutiny32 initiatives

He tables many amendments and written questions on public hospitals, medical deserts and disability care (AESH, wheelchairs, home help). He co-signs bills for a public pharmaceutical hub, against medical deductibles and for the reimbursement of care, as well as a draft resolution on sexist and sexual violence in the medical sector.

Security & justiceProposal17 initiatives

He co-signs a large number of commissions of inquiry and bills on sexist and sexual violence (femicides, incest, cinema, sport, the medical sector) and on victim protection. In December 2025 he authored a bill to reform protection orders for women victims of domestic violence. He also questions the government on public order policing and the use of police surveillance technology (Briefcam software).

Education & youthScrutiny15 initiatives

He regularly questions the government on priority education (REP+ classification) and the working conditions of AESH and ATSEM staff. He co-signs bills on pre-recruitment of teachers and educational continuity, and opposes, through amendments, cuts in funding for ATSEM and the Pass'Sport in the 2025 and 2026 budgets.

Environment & energyScrutiny14 initiatives

He questions the government on rising energy prices (electricity up 45% in three years) and on the future of sensitive industrial sites (Fret SNCF). He co-signs bills and resolutions to protect drinking water and against shale gas, and for commissions of inquiry into the Stocamine nuclear waste.

Institutions & democracyProposal10 initiatives

He co-signs numerous constitutional bills (citizens’ initiative referendum, full proportional representation, voting rights for foreigners in local elections) and commissions of inquiry into the functioning of democracy. In September 2025 he authored a draft resolution to convene Parliament as a High Court to begin impeachment proceedings against the President of the Republic.

Purchasing powerProposal9 initiatives

He co-signs bills to index wages to inflation, freeze the price of the Navigo pass, and regulate agri-food margins through minimum prices. He questions the government on the cost of living in the overseas territories and rising fuel prices.

Europe & sovereigntyOpposition8 initiatives

He repeatedly opposes European free trade agreements (Mercosur, New Zealand, the EU-US tariff agreement), through questions to the government, written questions and draft resolutions, including one he authored calling for a referral to the Court of Justice of the European Union against Mercosur. He defends moratoria on new trade agreements and farm protection measures.

Agriculture & rural affairsScrutiny7 initiatives

He questions the government on farmers’ incomes and the demand for minimum prices, and co-signs bills and resolutions for a moratorium on mega-reservoirs, a ban on neonicotinoids/acetamiprid and the repeal of the Duplomb law.

PensionsOpposition6 initiatives

He is squarely opposed to the 2023 pension reform: more than 770 amendments tabled to the supplementary Social Security financing bill, calling in particular for minimum pensions to be raised to €1,500 and for an exceptional levy on superprofits to fund the system. He is also the author of a bill to prohibit any postponement of the legal retirement age beyond 62. He questions the government on concrete cases affected by the reform (firefighters, civil-partnered couples denied survivor’s pensions).

International & defenceProposal6 initiatives

He co-signs draft resolutions for the recognition of the State of Palestine, a commission of inquiry into French complicity in Gaza, and the suspension of the EU-Israel association agreement. He also co-signs reparation texts for the harkis and for repatriates from Indochina.

Digital & AIScrutiny4 initiatives

He questions the government on the excesses of the X platform and co-signs resolutions on personal data protection and French digital sovereignty. He warns of the consequences of AI for jobs in call centres (the Teleperformance/Velsia case).

Immigration & identityOpposition3 initiatives

He opposes provisions of the January 2024 Immigration Act through a co-signed bill to repeal two of its articles, and questions the government on the malfunctions of the Anef digital platform for foreign nationals. He also co-signs a resolution for political asylum for Julian Assange.

HousingProposal0 initiatives

He co-signs bills to protect tenants against rising rents and service charges, to requisition vacant homes, and to guarantee the right to housing at constitutional level.

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Boris Vallaud

MP 3.12 years

105own initiatives
471own texts
10,907co-signatures

Boris Vallaud is one of the most active MPs of the parliamentary term (644 texts recorded over the period, more than 10,700 amendment co-signatures), with a profile dominated by scrutiny of the government in the chamber and by serial opposition to government texts on immigration and pensions, complemented by bills he carries himself as author (retirement age, the cost of living in the overseas territories, pay gaps, taxation of windfall profits, a European wealth tax). He also co-signs large numbers of texts from his group outside the 14 topics classified here (36 texts), notably on child protection and recognition of colonial memory (the massacre of 17 October 1961, repeal of the Code noir).

HealthMixed34 initiatives

Boris Vallaud frequently questions the government through written questions on mental health (children, psychiatry, restraint), disability and accessibility, care for older people and the operation of private concierge services in public hospitals. He co-signs many cross-party bills against medical deserts and on mental health, as well as a text on end-of-life care and draft resolutions calling for commissions of inquiry into mental health and disability. He tables few amendments on this topic, mainly on the coverage of spa treatments under the 2025 PLFSS.

Economy & employmentMixed25 initiatives

Boris Vallaud co-signs bills taxing private jets, superyachts and cruise ships, re-tabled several times over two parliamentary terms, and is the author of a European draft resolution for a wealth tax. He tables amendments to tax super-dividends and introduce a 2% minimum levy on wealth (the “Zucman” tax), and opposes by amendment the conditionality of the RSA and the creation of France Travail in the Full Employment Act. He also regularly questions the government through written questions on sector-specific issues (apprenticeships, crafts, cleaning companies, the IFER tax).

Education & youthMixed12 initiatives

Boris Vallaud co-signs a large number of bills on schools and youth: €1 meals for students, social and school mixing, protection of children in private for-profit nurseries, regulation of for-profit private higher education, and the right to a lawyer for children in educational assistance. He tables amendments, including eleven on the 2026 finance bill, to raise student housing benefit (APL) and prevent the exclusion of non-EU students from this support. He questions the government through written questions on access to higher education, tuition fees for foreign students and the non-replacement of absent teachers.

Agriculture & rural affairsMixed12 initiatives

Boris Vallaud questions the government through written questions on the health and climate crises affecting the farming sectors in his constituency (avian flu, epizootic haemorrhagic disease, downy mildew, Asian hornet, working equine sector). He co-signs cross-party bills on the sharing of value in the agri-food chain and on farm income, as well as European resolutions on sustainable fishing. In the chamber, he alerts the government to the agricultural emergency caused by the heatwave and collapsing yields.

PensionsMixed11 initiatives

Boris Vallaud is the author of two bills, one to prohibit any postponement of the legal age beyond 62 and the other to repeal the increase to 64 decided by the government in 2023. He tables a massive series of 56 amendments on the repeal bill, then dozens more on the 2025 and 2026 Social Security financing bills to restore the retirement age of 62 and cancel the acceleration of the contribution period. In the chamber, he calls for the reform to be suspended and denounces the failure of the “conclave” between social partners. The profile therefore combines an offensive bill with systematic opposition, through amendments, to the government’s budget texts.

Purchasing powerMixed11 initiatives

Boris Vallaud is the author of a bill on emergency measures against the cost of living and economic concentration in the overseas territories, and co-signs texts creating “Zero Hunger Territories” to tackle food insecurity as well as a bill against the overcharging of electricity. He tables amendments to create an exceptional year-end allowance for single parents below the poverty line and to raise APL. He questions the government through written questions on price display, pay rises for staff and poverty reduction.

Security & justiceMixed9 initiatives

Boris Vallaud speaks in questions to the government on landmark events of the period (the death of Nahel during a police stop, the Arras attack, the conviction of Marine Le Pen, a case of violence against a child) without tabling a text of his own on these subjects. He co-signs bills strengthening the protection of victims of sexual and sexist violence and creating a specific offence of incest, as well as draft resolutions for commissions of inquiry into the judicial handling of intrafamilial sexual violence.

Environment & energyMixed9 initiatives

Boris Vallaud co-signs bills and European resolutions on the energy renovation of housing, environmental and health requirements for imports, and adaptation to climate change through insurance mechanisms. He also co-signs a bill against the overcharging of electricity prices. His written questions mainly concern local pests and pollution (Asian hornet, biowaste, vehicle roadworthiness testing).

International & defenceMixed7 initiatives

Boris Vallaud is the author of a draft resolution calling for the relaunch of the Israeli-Palestinian peace process. He co-signs resolutions calling for the Wagner Group to be placed on the list of terrorist organisations and for a binding treaty on autonomous weapons systems, as well as a bill banning commercial relations linked to the colonisation of the occupied Palestinian and Syrian territories. In questions to the government, he speaks on the situation in Ukraine and Lebanon.

Immigration & identityOpposition6 initiatives

Boris Vallaud fights the bill to control immigration and improve integration adopted at the end of 2023 head-on: he tables 237 amendments on the text, most of them rejected, ruled inadmissible or marked “to be discussed”, seeking in particular to remove the provisions on automatically informing social bodies in the event of a removal order or on house arrest for asylum seekers deemed threatening. He speaks in the chamber against the text, which he calls a “political and moral bankruptcy”, and against the vocabulary of “submersion” taken up by the far right. He also co-signs texts to repeal the national preference introduced by the Immigration Act, to investigate the Le Touquet agreements and to seize frozen foreign sovereign assets. He also questions the government on one-off issues (delays in issuing identity documents, the detention of a French publisher in the United Kingdom).

Institutions & democracyMixed6 initiatives

On the genuinely institutional texts in the section (some of the 15 texts in fact belong to other topics, see erreurs_classement), Boris Vallaud co-signs a constitutional bill strengthening Parliament’s power over presidential appointments, a text on the ethical obligations of members of the Constitutional Council, and a constitutional revision reserving amendment of the Constitution to the procedure of article 89. In questions to the government, he criticises the “special law” procedure adopted for lack of a budget and denounces the Duplomb bill as the product of collusion within the “common base”.

HousingMixed5 initiatives

Boris Vallaud co-signs bills against rental speculation in high-demand areas, against fraudulent notices to quit, and for the protection of unaccompanied minors and the fight against homelessness. He tables amendments, notably on the 2026 finance bill, to maintain non-EU students’ eligibility for housing benefit. His written questions concern local schemes (cold-weather reserve funds, council tax exemptions for childminder homes).

Digital & AIMixed2 initiatives

On a small number of texts, Boris Vallaud co-signs European resolutions against digital addiction among children, for the application of the European Digital Services Act, and on European cooperation against online child sexual abuse, as well as a bill strengthening the criminal framework for the latter. His two written questions concern the digitisation of administrative procedures and digital accessibility for the visually impaired.

Europe & sovereigntySupport1 initiative

Boris Vallaud is the author of a European draft resolution for a European wealth tax. He co-signs in large numbers European resolutions carried by his group: creation of a European sea rescue fleet, financing of European Union defence spending backed by a levy on high earners, application of the European Digital Services Act, sustainable fishing, scientific research and opposition to the deregulation of new GMOs.

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Delphine Batho

MP 3.12 years

102own initiatives
698own texts
3,608co-signatures

Considerable parliamentary activity (767 texts recorded over the period, plus 3,539 undetailed amendment co-signatures), three-quarters of it concentrated on agriculture and the environment (529 and 125 texts): she tables hundreds of amendments, often in massive series, to fight texts that relax the rules on pesticides, irrigation or aerial spraying (including the so-called “Duplomb” law), while herself carrying several bills (a ban on neonicotinoids, a moratorium on agricultural water storage, an end to shale gas, a ban on digital and illuminated advertising). The rest of her mandate is split between very sustained scrutiny of the government through written questions, often rooted in her Deux-Sèvres constituency (health, housing, purchasing power), and many co-signatures of texts carried by her colleagues, notably requests for commissions of inquiry.

HealthScrutiny28 initiatives

The dominant format is the written question (25 of 42 texts): compensation for victims of medicines and medical devices (Essure implant, fluoroquinolones, synthetic progestogens), access to care in rural areas of Deux-Sèvres (breast cancer screening), and the health consequences of PFAS contamination. She co-signs several bills on wheelchair reimbursement, menstrual and gynaecological health at work, and end-of-life care, and herself carries a bill for a day of remembrance for the victims of Covid-19.

Agriculture & rural affairsMixed26 initiatives

Delphine Batho fights, by amendment, the texts that relax the rules on pesticides, irrigation and aerial spraying, with several massive series (332 amendments on the bill lifting constraints on the farming profession, 51 on crop treatment by remotely piloted aircraft, 30 on authorising acetamiprid, 21 on agricultural sovereignty, 19 on the 2026 emergency bill for agricultural protection). In parallel she carries several bills of her own initiative: a permanent ban on neonicotinoids (tabled twice, in 2023 and 2024), a moratorium on water storage structures for irrigation, and repeal of the Duplomb law. She also regularly questions the government on the same subjects (hedgerow pact, organic farming support, Asian hornet, elvers).

Environment & energyMixed25 initiatives

On energy and the environment, Delphine Batho opposes, by amendment, the reform of nuclear safety governance and the dismantling of the IRSN (a series of 41 amendments in 2024), as well as the rollout of mega-reservoirs (a series of 31 amendments in 2023). She carries a bill to end shale gas consumption in France. She questions the government on keeping regulated energy tariffs, PFAS contamination of water and forest fires, and co-signs several bills and European resolutions on climate and the phase-out of fossil fuels.

Economy & employmentMixed12 initiatives

Delphine Batho co-signs many bills to protect employees (a ban on stock-market-driven redundancies, a 2% minimum tax on the wealth of the ultra-rich, transparency of public aid to businesses, action against uberisation) and several requests for commissions of inquiry into public aid to businesses and redundancy plans. By amendment, she argues for stronger action against fraud in public aid (a series of 23 amendments in 2024) and for more resources for Anses. She also questions the government on local economic cases (the Rockwool plant in Courmelles, the furniture industry).

Purchasing powerMixed11 initiatives

By amendment, Delphine Batho tightens the regulation of commercial telephone canvassing (a series of 12 amendments in 2025) and margin transparency in agri-food commercial negotiations (a series of 7 in 2023). She questions the government on keeping regulated energy tariffs and on compliance with the list of price-capped products in the face of inflation, and returns several times to the effectiveness of the ban on telephone canvassing.

Institutions & democracyMixed7 initiatives

Delphine Batho carries a bill for the equality of all municipalities in the reimbursement of election campaign material costs, and questions the government on the same subject as well as on resilient communication means for town halls in a crisis. She opposes, by amendment, the reform of nuclear safety governance and co-signs a bill on the transparency of public aid to businesses.

Security & justiceMixed6 initiatives

Delphine Batho co-signs several requests for commissions of inquiry of a judicial or victim-protection nature (structural prevention of femicides, judicial and institutional handling of parental incest, violence in the film and performing arts sectors, violence at the Notre-Dame de Bétharram school). She repeatedly questions the government on the danger of a road in her constituency (RN248) and co-signs a bill to modernise the civil protection model.

HousingScrutiny6 initiatives

Over three years, Delphine Batho has repeatedly questioned the government on the scale of fraud in the MaPrimeRénov’ scheme. She also asks about the consequences of rising energy prices for young workers’ residences and about malfunctions in MaPrimeRénov’ payments, and co-signs a resolution to end child homelessness.

Education & youthMixed5 initiatives

Delphine Batho questions the government on class closures and job cuts in Deux-Sèvres, as well as on AESH posts supporting pupils with disabilities. She co-signs the request for a commission of inquiry into violence at the Notre-Dame de Bétharram school and bills on nature education and the Pass'Sport. Two texts classified in this section (wheelchair reimbursement, sail-powered maritime transport) have no connection with education: they are flagged as misclassified and were not used to build this position.

PensionsOpposition5 initiatives

Delphine Batho carries a referendum bill (article 11 of the Constitution) to assert that the legal retirement age cannot be set above 62, and co-signs two bills to repeal the raising of the legal age to 64 resulting from the 2023 pension reform. She questions the government on the retirement bonus for volunteer firefighters and on taking community work into account in the long-career scheme.

Europe & sovereigntyMixed3 initiatives

Delphine Batho carries a European resolution calling for the non-renewal of the glyphosate authorisation and a bill to ban neonicotinoids at Union level. She co-signs resolutions opposing the ratification of the Mercosur agreement, the European deregulation of pesticides (“Omnibus X”) and of new genetically modified organisms, and calling for full application of the European Digital Services Act.

Digital & AIProposes3 initiatives

Delphine Batho is the author of a bill banning all forms of digital and illuminated advertising in public spaces, for which she also carried the committee text. She co-signs two European resolutions, one calling for full application of the Digital Services Act, the other calling for a European Union response to the excesses of the X platform.

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Benjamin Lucas

MP 3.65 years

72own initiatives
694own texts
19924co-signatures

With 884 texts tabled or co-signed since 2023, his activity is heavily concentrated on immigration (396 texts, almost all of them opposition amendments to tougher legislation) and on economy and employment, where he is the author of two private member's bills against stock-market-driven redundancies. He also stands out for intensive use of parliamentary scrutiny (several resolutions to convene Parliament as a High Court and numerous committees of inquiry) and for recurring personal campaigns outside the 14 themes, notably the right to holidays, on which he is the author of a dedicated private member's bill, and constant criticism of the Universal National Service.

Economy & employmentMixed16 initiatives

Together with his colleagues, he is the author of a private member's bill to ban stock-market-driven redundancies and then of a second bill to safeguard and sustain industrial jobs by preventing them, several amendments to which were adopted in 2025, as well as of a motion for a resolution to set up a committee of inquiry into redundancy plans. He also co-signs many of his group's private member's bills on taxing windfall profits (oil and gas companies, motorways), transparency of public aid to companies, tackling uberisation and democracy in the workplace. On finance bills, he tables a series of amendments to tax work automation and cap pay gaps, and on the Social Security Financing Bills (PLFSS) he opposes measures reducing compensation for workplace accidents.

Institutions & democracyScrutiny15 initiatives

He multiplies initiatives to scrutinise the executive: author of several motions for a resolution to convene Parliament as a High Court to initiate the removal of the President of the Republic, and of committees of inquiry into the government's corrupt practices towards parliamentarians, the Stanislas school, and respect for democratic principles after the 2024 legislative elections. He questions the government on the Marianne fund affair and on the rule of law, comparing democratic excesses in the United States and Hungary. He also co-signs constitutional bills to reform Article 49, introduce a deliberative citizens' initiative referendum, and combat the covert financing of election campaigns.

Education & youthMixed14 initiatives

He is the author of several motions for a resolution to set up committees of inquiry into the far right's offensive against public education and into the Stanislas school's compliance with the values of the Republic. In questions to the government, he challenges the creation of ability groups in lower secondary school and the Universal National Service, repeatedly asking for its funding to be redirected to other policies (learning holiday camps, universal basic income). Locally, he puts written questions on class closures in the Mantois-Vexin area.

Environment & energyMixed11 initiatives

He repeatedly questions the government on the climate emergency (global warming, warning from the High Council for the Climate) and on local issues (the Vexin quarry, mobile masts in rural areas, the waste storage project in Guitrancourt). He co-signs some thirty private member's bills and resolutions from his group on protecting drinking water, ending shale gas, repealing the reform of nuclear safety governance, and adapting forests to climate change. In budget amendments, he proposes taxing capital income more heavily and redirecting Universal National Service funding to ecological policies.

Security & justiceMixed9 initiatives

He opposes by amendment the law-and-order texts put forward by the right and far right, notably the withdrawal of family allowances from parents of delinquent children, which he judges unfair and counter-productive. In questions to the government, he denounces police violence, citing several victims (Oussekine, Traoré, Benna), and breaches of the rule of law. He co-signs private member's bills and resolutions on sexual and gender-based violence, the fight against far-right terrorism, and the State's failings on femicide.

Immigration & identityOpposes8 initiatives

Most of his activity on this theme consists of hundreds of amendments tabled against laws tightening immigration rules (the 2023 law ‘to control immigration and improve integration’, the right's private member's bills of 2023 and 2026 on expulsion and family reunification): he opposes extending the detention of asylum seekers, defends birthright citizenship (droit du sol) and State Medical Aid, and calls for family reunification to be maintained for refugees with regular status. He also co-signs private member's bills to make it easier for asylum seekers to enter the labour market and for an ambitious integration policy, as well as a constitutional bill granting local voting rights to non-EU foreign nationals. He also spoke in a question to the government against the 2023 immigration bill, describing the Italian Prime Minister as ‘neo-fascist’.

HealthMixed4 initiatives

He co-signs numerous private member's bills on access to care (tackling medical deserts, full reimbursement of wheelchairs, end-of-life support, social security for food) and on mental health (a resolution on the crisis in psychiatry). In amendments to the Social Security Financing Bill (PLFSS), he opposes measures limiting reimbursement of laboratory tests and medical imaging and unilateral fee cuts, defending broad access to care.

Agriculture & rural affairsSupports4 initiatives

He co-signs most of his group's agricultural and food texts: non-renewal of glyphosate, repeal of the Duplomb law and a ban on neonicotinoids, protection of farmland and regulation of land prices, recognition of a right to food. He is not the author of any of these texts but a systematic co-signatory.

Purchasing powerMixed4 initiatives

He co-signs texts on the purchasing power of low-income households: emergency measures against rising rents and service charges, access to healthy food in the face of inflation, recognition of material insecurity. In budget amendments, he proposes capping pay gaps (a ratio of 1 to 20) to fund purchasing-power measures. One written question concerns the right to holidays.

HousingMixed4 initiatives

He co-signs private member's bills on social housing: tackling child homelessness, mobilising vacant homes by mayors, regulating commercial rents. A series of budget amendments, recurring across several finance bills, cites the death of a child in a lift in Mantes-la-Jolie to request funding to make lifts safe in social housing; an amendment he tabled on this subject was adopted, extending coverage of lift breakdowns not previously covered.

PensionsOpposes3 initiatives

He is squarely opposed to the 2023 pension reform: thirty amendments tabled on the 2023 amending social security financing bill (the text raising the statutory retirement age to 64), most of them withdrawn or ruled inadmissible, together with a referendum bill (Article 11) stating that the statutory age may not exceed 62. He co-signs his group's private member's bills to repeal this postponement. In a question to the government, he states that the government has ‘lost the battle over pensions’.

International & defenceMixed2 initiatives

He is strongly engaged on the Israeli-Palestinian question: co-signatory of resolutions calling for a ceasefire in Gaza, for a referral to the International Criminal Court, and for a ban on trade with settlements in the occupied territories. In a question to the government, he raises Israel's interception of the humanitarian ship Madleen.

Europe & sovereigntyMixed0 initiatives

On European issues, he exclusively co-signs his group's motions for a resolution, without ever being the author: calls for the breaking off of, or sanctions on, trade and association agreements judged contrary to human rights (suspension of the EU-Israel agreement, rejection of the EU-Mercosur trade agreement and of the EU-United States tariff agreement), and support for democratic causes (illiberal drift in Georgia).

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Clémentine Autain

MP 3.14 years

60own initiatives
532own texts
25675co-signatures

A very active MP (Member of the National Assembly) since 2023 (788 texts recorded, 25,419 amendment co-signatures), most of whose personal output (409 amendments of which she is the author) concerns opposition to the 2023 pension reform. The rest of her activity combines scrutiny of the government through written and oral questions (health, education, local public services in Seine-Saint-Denis), the mass co-signature of private member's bills and committees of inquiry from the LFI-NUPES and then Ecologist and Social group, and three motions for a resolution of which she is the author, aimed at convening Parliament as a High Court to initiate the removal of the President of the Republic.

HealthMixed15 initiatives

She co-signs private member's bills protecting public hospitals from competition from private medical temping agencies, creating a public pole for medicines, guaranteeing access to abortion and assisted reproduction (ART), and improving end-of-life support. She multiplies written and oral questions to raise local situations (Robert Ballanger hospital, the Île-de-France regional health agency, shortages of psychotropic drugs) and questions the government on cadmium exposure. Her amendments to the endometriosis bill are intended to denounce a version, put forward by the Rassemblement national, that she considers inadequate.

Education & youthMixed15 initiatives

She multiplies written questions to raise class closures, the teacher shortage and the conditions of the start of the school year, particularly in Seine-Saint-Denis. She co-signs private member's bills on the pre-recruitment of teachers, the abolition of Parcoursup for social work courses, and a committee of inquiry into the ultra-reactionary threat to public education.

Economy & employmentProposes13 initiatives

She co-signs numerous private member's bills taxing the wealthiest and large companies (reinstating the wealth tax (ISF), a 2% minimum tax on the assets of the ultra-rich, a levy on oil and gas windfall profits, a maximum pay ratio in companies) and protecting employment (banning stock-market-driven redundancies, tackling uberisation through a presumption of employee status). She questions the government through written questions on factory closures and subcontracting situations (WFS Roissy, Transdev, MA France/Stellantis). On the 2026 Finance Bill she tables sub-amendments aimed at restricting tax exemptions to large estates.

Institutions & democracyProposes8 initiatives

She is the author of three near-identical motions for a resolution to convene Parliament as a High Court to initiate the removal of the President of the Republic, and of a motion for a resolution creating a committee of inquiry into the Maureen Kearney affair. She also co-signs texts on full proportional representation, the citizens' initiative referendum and the fight against the covert financing of election campaigns.

PensionsOpposition5 initiatives

She tables hundreds of amendments, 409 of them as author, on the 2023 amending social security financing bill carrying the pension reform, in order to delay its adoption and propose alternative funding such as an exceptional levy on CAC 40 dividends. She is the author of a private member's bill to keep the statutory retirement age at 62 and co-signs a text repealing the postponement of the effective retirement age. She repeatedly questions the government on this reform. This is a massive series of amendments concentrated on a single text (the 2023 PLFRSS), not a scattering of subjects.

Security & justiceMixed5 initiatives

She co-signs numerous committees of inquiry and private member's bills on sexist and sexual violence (femicide, violence in film and the performing arts, online child sexual abuse) and tables amendments, 59 of them as author, on the private member's bill against sexual and sexist violence, notably to broaden the definition of intrafamilial violence and to make a sexism awareness course compulsory for those convicted. She also puts written questions to the government on drug trafficking, international criminal justice and unaccompanied minors who offend.

Environment & energyMixed4 initiatives

She co-signs private member's bills on freezing electricity and gas prices, funding the energy renovation of buildings and phasing out shale gas, as well as a resolution against climate disinformation. In 2026, she sponsors a co-signed private member's bill introducing a right to withdraw from work and climate leave during heatwaves.

HousingMixed4 initiatives

She co-signs private member's bills on requisitioning vacant homes, rent regulation and ending child homelessness, and puts written questions to the government on the abolition of the APL accession housing benefit and on the contribution imposed on tenants to fund their landlord's energy renovation work, known as the ‘third line of the rent receipt’.

Purchasing powerSupports2 initiatives

She co-signs private member's bills on indexing wages to inflation, protecting tenants from rising rents and service charges, and regulating rents, as well as a request for a committee of inquiry into the relationship between the State and oil groups during the period of inflation.

International & defenceMixed2 initiatives

She co-signs resolutions calling on France to recognise the State of Palestine, to implement the International Court of Justice's provisional measures concerning Gaza and to set up a committee of inquiry into French complicity in the conflict, and questions the government on the situation in Gaza. She also co-signs texts on securing Ukrainian nuclear sites and European military support for Greenland and Denmark.

Europe & sovereigntyMixed1 initiative

She co-signs European resolutions opposing trade agreements (European Union-New Zealand, Mercosur, the tariff agreement with the United States) and the deregulation of pesticides, while supporting the European agreement on platform workers. She also challenges the government on French foreign policy in the face of what she calls vassalisation.

Agriculture & rural affairsSupports1 initiative

She co-signs private member's bills in support of farmers (a decent income, minimum purchase prices for agricultural commodities) and on health and environmental protection (a moratorium on mega-basins, repeal of the Duplomb law and a ban on neonicotinoids). She questions the government on cadmium contamination of foodstuffs.

Immigration & identityMixed1 initiative

She co-signs private member's bills on the application of secularism (laïcité), voting rights in local elections for non-EU foreign nationals and the repeal of several articles of the 2024 immigration law, as well as a resolution calling for political asylum for Julian Assange. She also co-signs a request for a committee of inquiry into the consequences of the Le Touquet agreements for migrants.

Digital & AIMixed0 initiatives

She co-signs four resolutions: a committee of inquiry into the use of personal data by social protection bodies, a resolution calling for full application of the EU Digital Services Act, a call for an EU response to the excesses of the X platform, and a committee of inquiry into the structural dependencies of the French digital sector.

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Marine Le Pen

MP 3.14 years

55own initiatives
94own texts
10058co-signatures

Marine Le Pen tables and co-signs a high number of texts (186, excluding 9,966 amendment co-signatures not broken down), concentrated on immigration/identity and security/justice, where she personally sponsors a series of texts tightening the conditions for expelling foreign nationals and a constitutional bill on citizenship and immigration. Scrutiny of the government takes up a significant share of her activity (numerous questions to the government on violence, terrorism, pensions and the situation in Mayotte), and she co-signs her group's private member's bills on health, the economy, housing and education en masse without always being their initiator.

Security & justiceMixed16 initiatives

She repeatedly challenges the government in questions to the government after acts of violence or attacks (Arras, Paris, the murder of Elias, the death of Lyhanna, the assault on a school supervisor), calling for a firmer criminal justice response. She co-signs a dozen of her group's private member's bills along these lines: tougher penalties for school bullying, withdrawal of family allowances from parents of delinquent minors, a financial contribution from prisoners towards the cost of their incarceration, a systematic criminal justice response to arson. She also puts written questions on local police numbers (Lens district) and on knife attacks. A mixed profile, combining scrutiny of the government on news stories with support for tougher criminal justice texts sponsored by her group.

Environment & energyMixed10 initiatives

She co-signs several private member's bills opposing ecological transition measures: abolition of low-emission zones (ZFE), a brake on photovoltaic growth, a dual condition for authorising wind power installations. She repeatedly puts written questions to the government on the Metaleurop industrial pollution case (compensation for residents contaminated with lead and cadmium in the Pas-de-Calais) and on the impact of load-following imposed on nuclear reactors by intermittent energy sources. A mixed profile, combining scrutiny on local cases with opposition to environmental standards under discussion.

Immigration & identityProposes7 initiatives

She is the author of a series of 25 amendments to the 2023 law on the Sovereignty of France, nationality, immigration and asylum (most ranked as open to discussion, only one adopted), notably reusing provisions from her referendum bill from the 2022 campaign to enshrine control of the entry of foreign nationals in the Constitution, and opposing the introduction of regularisation quotas. She herself tables a constitutional bill on Citizenship-Identity-Immigration (2024) and a private member's bill to lift the exemptions from expulsion for foreign nationals posing a serious threat to public order (2023). She co-signs several texts tightening the conditions for expelling and marrying foreign nationals in an irregular situation, and a resolution to rebuild the Schengen area on a dual national and European border (2026). She repeatedly questions the government on the migration situation in Mayotte and calls for the repeal of the 1968 Franco-Algerian agreement.

Institutions & democracyMixed7 initiatives

She is the author of a constitutional bill on Citizenship-Identity-Immigration that also touches on the institutional framework, and tables several amendments on budget texts and on the constitutional bill for an autonomous Corsica (amendment rejected). She questions the government on the Christmas truce special law ensuring the continuity of the State at the end of 2025. She co-signs a private member's bill to restore two-round majority voting in municipal elections for small communes. A mixed profile, combining personal institutional initiatives with support for co-signed texts from her group.

International & defenceScrutiny7 initiatives

She questions the government on the war in Ukraine (2023, then in 2024 on statements by the President of the Republic), and on the situation in Israel after 7 October 2023. She is the author of a motion for a resolution inviting the government to grant political asylum to Julian Assange (2023). She co-signs a constitutional bill to protect France's nuclear deterrent. She also puts written questions on the decline of French in Andorra and on the risk of losing industrial sovereignty around the Atos group. A predominantly scrutiny-based profile, complemented by a personal initiative on the Assange case.

HealthSupports6 initiatives

She co-signs a dozen of her group's private member's bills on health, notably support for women with endometriosis, higher allowances for self-employed nurses, free parking at public hospitals and simpler rights for people with disabilities, without being their author. She puts written questions on the situation of self-employed nurses, the shortage of ambulance staff and private out-of-hours medical centres. One question to the government concerns social benefit fraud. A private member's bill she co-signs aims to replace State Medical Aid with a more restricted emergency life-saving aid.

Economy & employmentSupports5 initiatives

She co-signs her group's private member's bills on taxation and the purchasing power of businesses and households: a 10% rise in net salaries, protection of micro-entrepreneurs against tax increases, a cut in VAT on energy. She questions the government on the tax fraud known as CumCum and raises, by written question, the compulsory liquidation of the company Milee and its 10,000 employees, 200 of them at the Libercourt depot (Pas-de-Calais). She co-signs a resolution calling for a committee of inquiry into the obstacles to France's reindustrialisation. Her amendments as author concern targeted budget lines (overseas territories, illegal gold mining in French Guiana).

Education & youthSupports4 initiatives

She co-signs two private member's bills banning so-called inclusive writing, one in school and university publications (2023), the other in higher education and research (2025). She raises, by written questions, nursery and primary class closures, notably in her constituency in the Pas-de-Calais. She questions the government after the fatal assault on a school supervisor by a pupil. She also co-signs a resolution calling for a committee of inquiry into the state of the Republic's schools.

Purchasing powerMixed4 initiatives

She co-signs private member's bills to cap bank charges judged unfair and to make origin labelling of foodstuffs systematic. She puts written questions on rising electricity subscription prices and on the refusal of a rent increase imposed on tenants of the landlord Maisons et Cités in the Bassin minier. A mixed profile, combining support for group texts with scrutiny of local purchasing-power cases.

Europe & sovereigntyOpposes3 initiatives

She co-signs a resolution, tabled again several times over successive parliamentary terms, to preserve the French volunteer firefighter model in the face of European standards, as well as a resolution to rebuild the Schengen area on a dual border (2026). She questions the government on the EU-Mercosur trade agreement, judged a threat to French farmers. A profile of opposition to European standards and agreements under negotiation or adoption.

PensionsOpposes3 initiatives

She questions the government twice, in 2023 on the pension reform and in 2025 on its suspension. She co-signs a private member's bill to cancel the latest reforms on retirement age and the number of contribution years. On the 2023 amending social security financing bill, which raises the statutory age to 64, an amendment of which she is the author states that her group is firmly opposed to it; most of her amendments on this text were ruled inadmissible. A consistent line of opposition to the 2023 pension reform.

HousingSupports2 initiatives

She co-signs her group's private member's bills on housing, including one to introduce national priority in the allocation of social housing (2024) and another to reduce the energy constraints weighing on rental supply. She puts written questions on the rent increase imposed on tenants of the landlord Maisons et Cités in the Bassin minier and on the mining housing renovation subsidies promised by the State (the ERBM commitment).

Agriculture & rural affairsMixed1 initiative

Section reduced to 3 texts. She co-signs a resolution opposing the EU-Mercosur trade agreement in the name of protecting French farmers (2024), and a private member's bill to make origin labelling of foodstuffs systematic (2025, also classed under pouvoir_achat). The third text in the section, a budget amendment on the food voucher in Mayotte, has nothing to do with agriculture (see erreurs_classement).

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Olivier Faure

MP 3.14 years

54own initiatives
119own texts
10812co-signatures

Leader of the Socialist group in the National Assembly (317 texts since 2023, excluding 10,614 amendment co-signatures not broken down), very present in questions to the government, in particular on the pension reform and the executive's record. His activity combines frontal opposition to the 2023 pension reform, budgetary scrutiny through recurring amendments to tax windfall profits and strengthen the financial transactions tax, and the mass co-signature of Socialist private member's bills on health, purchasing power and Europe. He is the author of a private member's bill for the Nation's recognition of repatriates from Indochina. He also co-signs numerous commemorative texts (the massacre of Algerians of 17 October 1961, the Thiaroye massacre, the genocide of the Roma, repeal of the Code noir).

International & defenceProposes13 initiatives

In 2025, he is the author of a private member's bill for the Nation's recognition of repatriates from Indochina and for redress of the harm suffered. He co-signs resolutions on using frozen Russian assets for Ukraine's reconstruction and on suspending the EU-Israel association agreement. He challenges the government on the US military intervention in Venezuela.

Economy & employmentMixed11 initiatives

He tables recurring amendments to finance bills and social security financing bills to tax the windfall profits of banks and large companies (to benefit pensions, health insurance and family benefits) and to strengthen the financial transactions tax for the benefit of international solidarity. He co-signs Socialist private member's bills to tax private jets, cruise ships and large yachts, to upgrade social work professions, and to tackle medical deserts.

PensionsOpposes10 initiatives

He is squarely opposed to the 2023 pension reform (raising the statutory age to 64), through repeated questions to the government and amendments to the amending financing bill calling for the deletion of key articles (special schemes, early retirement). He co-signs private member's bills to repeal the rise to 64 and to recognise voluntary-sector involvement in the calculation of pension rights. In 2025, he argues for seeking a compromise rather than pure obstruction.

Education & youthProposes8 initiatives

He co-signs private member's bills for a 1-euro meal for students, the regulation of for-profit private higher education, the protection of children in for-profit private nurseries, and support towards independence for young people leaving child welfare services. He questions the government on the timetable of the baccalaureate and the decline of rural lower secondary schools.

Purchasing powerProposes7 initiatives

He co-signs private member's bills to reduce the prices of basic food products, create ‘Zero Hunger Territories’ against food insecurity, and tackle the high cost of living in the overseas territories. He challenges the government on its record and questions it on the non-take-up of social benefits.

HealthProposes6 initiatives

He co-signs numerous Socialist private member's bills, often cross-party, on mental health (emergency measures, first aid training), tackling medical deserts and medicine shortages, full coverage of wheelchairs and support for young people leaving child welfare services. He questions the government on the state of child psychiatry and on stroke prevention.

Institutions & democracyProposes5 initiatives

He is the author of a constitutional bill to increase Parliament's power over presidential appointments. He co-signs a motion for a resolution for a committee of inquiry into potential corrupt practices aimed at influencing parliamentarians, and an organic bill on the ethical obligations of members of the Constitutional Council.

Environment & energyProposes4 initiatives

He co-signs texts on official development assistance, a moratorium on TotalEnergies' oil projects in Uganda (EACOP), tackling excessive taxation of electricity, and accelerating the energy renovation of housing.

Security & justiceProposes4 initiatives

He co-signs private member's bills to recognise the State's responsibility and compensate the victims of chlordecone, to create a specific crime of incest, and to regulate the conditions under which the national police may open fire. He reacts publicly, in a question to the government, to the situation in Israel after 7 October 2023.

Digital & AIScrutiny3 initiatives

He questions the government on the State's digital sovereignty (use of foreign clouds by operators of vital importance) and on the implementing decrees of the cybersecurity law. He co-signs resolutions against digital addiction among children and for the fight against online child sexual abuse.

Europe & sovereigntyProposes2 initiatives

He co-signs a large number of European resolutions on taxation (creating a European wealth tax), agriculture (rejecting the deregulation of new GMOs, import requirements equivalent to European standards) and digital rights (the Digital Services Act). He questions the government on the fate of the Uyghur dissident Ilham Tohti.

Agriculture & rural affairsProposes2 initiatives

He co-signs private member's bills on farm incomes and the sharing of value along the agri-food chain, on the observatory for price and margin formation, and on mandatory display of the Nutri-Score.

Immigration & identityOpposes2 initiatives

He co-signs a private member's bill to repeal the national preference measures in the Immigration law, and a motion for a resolution calling for a committee of inquiry into the consequences of the Le Touquet agreements for the fundamental rights of migrants.

HousingProposes1 initiative

He co-signs private member's bills against rental speculation and fraudulent notices to quit, and for accelerating the energy renovation of housing. He questions the government on the worsening of child homelessness.

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Nicolas Dupont-Aignan

MP 0.91 years

36own initiatives
143own texts
80co-signatures

Activity recorded only for January 2023 to May 2024 (168 texts, none beyond that in the corpus). Dominated by massive obstruction of the 2023 pension reform (63 amendments) and by opposition, through amendments, to law-and-order excesses (the law on sectarian abuses, AI surveillance at the Paris 2024 Olympic Games). He also puts a large number of very concrete, local written questions (health, rural areas, taxation of associations) and defends a sovereigntist line on energy (nuclear), defence and free trade.

HealthScrutiny13 initiatives

He puts a large number of written questions on specific health issues: the future of medical gynaecology, consent to care in psychiatry, complications from vaginal mesh implants, and the defence of the IHU Marseille study of 30,000 Covid-19 patients, which he wants protected from ANSM proceedings.

Environment & energyScrutiny7 initiatives

He denounces the way the electricity price is set as a “State scandal”, since in his view France produces the cheapest electricity in Europe. He defends, through amendments, the development of the nuclear sector and opposes the merger of the IRSN with the ASN. He raises local issues such as toll-free sections of the A10 and A11 motorways in the Île-de-France region.

Economy & employmentProposes7 initiatives

He co-signs private member's bills to make it easier to pass on family businesses and to exempt from tax the allowances of mayors and deputy mayors of small communes. He questions the government on the taxation of associations.

Education & youthScrutiny5 initiatives

He questions the government on the closure of economics and business preparatory classes, and co-signs a motion for a resolution inviting the government to measure the spread of inclusive writing in higher education and research.

Security & justiceOpposes4 initiatives

He opposes, through amendments, several provisions of the bill against sectarian abuses, which he considers a threat to freedom of expression and to whistleblowers. He reacts, in a question to the government, to the attack that cost Dominique Bernard his life. He also raises the conditions under which detainees are defended by court-appointed lawyers.

Purchasing powerProposes4 initiatives

He denounces the way the electricity price is set as a State scandal, since in his view France produces the cheapest electricity in Europe. He co-signs an organic bill against the indexation of Treasury bonds to inflation, and raises the presence of nanoparticles in everyday consumer products.

PensionsOpposes2 initiatives

He is firmly opposed to the 2023 pension reform, with 63 amendments to the amending social security financing bill, notably to delete the postponement of the statutory retirement age (including for military personnel) and the balance table justifying the reform, which he considers based on the most pessimistic assumption of the Pensions Advisory Council (COR). He also challenges the government on the combined health/energy/pensions crisis.

Agriculture & rural affairsScrutiny2 initiatives

He twice questions the government, in oral questions, on the free trade policy pursued since 2017, which he considers destructive for French farmers.

International & defenceProposes1 initiative

He tables amendments to the 2024-2030 military programming law to raise defence spending above the announced floor of 2% of GDP and to protect French commercial interests in joint European military projects. He co-signs a private member's bill on the evaluation of official development assistance.

Institutions & democracyProposes1 initiative

He co-signs organic bills to restore the parliamentary reserve for the benefit of small communes and associations, and to ease the limits on holding multiple offices alongside a parliamentary mandate.

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Fabien Roussel

MP 0.91 years

35own initiatives
166own texts
2973co-signatures

Very dense parliamentary activity (230 texts recorded over the period, plus 2,909 amendment co-signatures not broken down), dominated by massive obstruction through amendments on the two major texts of the parliamentary term: the pension reform (59 amendments) and the military programming law (59 amendments), combined with intensive use of oral and written questions to champion industrial cases in his constituency in the Nord (Valdunes, Alstom, Ascometal) and to challenge the government on purchasing power. He has a successful personal initiative (the private member's bill on full coverage of breast cancer care, adopted at first reading) and co-signs a large number of texts outside the Observatory's 14 themes sponsored by overseas colleagues in the GDR group (performing arts freelancers, cross-Channel maritime cabotage, arms trafficking in the overseas territories, remoteness allowance in Polynesia).

Economy & employmentMixed10 initiatives

He challenges the government, through oral and written questions, on several industrial cases under threat in his constituency and beyond (Valdunes, Alstom, Ascometal) and denounces the pay of CAC 40 executives. He co-signs private member's bills protecting workers (employees' pre-emption right, compensation for workers exposed to asbestos, liability of principal contractors) and an additional levy on the windfall profits of large companies. He also tables two amendments to the 2024 Finance Bill to exempt associations from council tax on second homes.

HealthMixed8 initiatives

He is the author and rapporteur of a private member's bill for full national health insurance coverage of breast cancer care, adopted at first reading (7 of 14 amendments adopted, most of them drafting or clarification amendments, tabled by him on his own text). He questions the government through written and oral questions on local health issues and support for disabled people (an MRI scanner at the hospital in Saint-Amand-les-Eaux, severe autism, head injury). He also co-signs private member's bills on the public medicines service and on repealing the Covid-19 vaccine mandate in the medical and paramedical sectors.

Purchasing powerScrutiny7 initiatives

He repeatedly questions the government on the purchasing power of the French: energy prices and the energy voucher amid inflation, pay rises, the rising price of the weekly shop. He co-signs an organic bill indexing the local authorities' general operating grant to inflation, and a private member's bill to reduce the social and financial insecurity of single-parent families.

PensionsOpposes4 initiatives

He tables a massive series of 59 amendments (23 under consideration, 16 withdrawn, 12 open to discussion, 5 ruled inadmissible under Article 40) on the 2023 amending social security financing bill, opposing in particular the abolition of special pension schemes and judging the treatment of arduous working conditions inadequate. He is the author of a referendum bill (Article 11 of the Constitution) to prohibit any postponement of the statutory retirement age beyond 62, and co-signs several bills to repeal the reform raising the age to 64. He also puts a written question to the government on the treatment of internships in the calculation of pensions.

Environment & energyMixed4 initiatives

He questions the government on energy prices and the energy voucher, and co-signs a private member's bill for new regulated electricity and gas tariffs. He co-signs several motions for a resolution calling for committees of inquiry, notably on the liberalisation of rail freight and on the consequences of French nuclear testing in Polynesia. He also co-signs texts proposing an exceptional levy on the wealth of the richest to fund the ecological transition.

HousingProposes4 initiatives

He is the author of a private member's bill and a written question to exempt premises used by associations from council tax. He also questions the government, by written question, on administrative obstacles to external insulation work. He co-signs a motion for a resolution calling for a committee of inquiry into substandard social housing in the overseas departments and regions.

Education & youthMixed3 initiatives

He questions the government and ministers through oral and written questions on local issues (funding for the Ernest-Couteaux lycée in Saint-Amand-les-Eaux, pay for teachers at institutes for deaf young people, the commercial practices of private preparatory courses for medical entrance exams). He co-signs private member's bills and resolutions on related subjects: educational success for young people in the overseas territories through the teaching of regional languages, and the creation of a global agency to award major international sporting events.

Security & justiceMixed3 initiatives

He co-signs private member's bills on preventing intrafamilial violence, compensating the victims of chlordecone and the rights of victims whose complaint has been dropped. He questions the government after the terrorist attack in Arras and, by written question, on the situation of court interpreters and translators. He tables an amendment, rejected, to the Ministry of Justice's programming bill, aimed at making it easier for anti-racism associations to join criminal proceedings as civil parties.

Institutions & democracySupports2 initiatives

He mostly co-signs constitutional bills on the organisation of institutions and the overseas territories: regulating the appointment of members of the Constitutional Council, the parliamentary right of visit, enshrining social security in the Constitution, recognition of the island peoples of the overseas territories. He also questions the government in writing on threats facing an anti-discrimination association.

International & defenceMixed1 initiative

Most of his activity on this theme consists of 59 amendments tabled on the 2024-2030 military programming bill (25 rejected, 25 not moved, 6 withdrawn, 2 adopted), which notably challenge the use of the terms “outre-mer” and “métropole” in the annexed report, judged to carry a colonial connotation, and propose tightening a financial penalty to 15% of turnover. He also co-signs two motions for a resolution on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: one reaffirming the two-state solution and condemning what it describes as an apartheid regime in Israel, the other calling for a referral to the International Criminal Court on the situation in Gaza.

Europe & sovereigntyMixed0 initiatives

He co-signs four motions for a European resolution, without being the author: support for the peace process in Northern Ireland, an exceptional European levy on the wealth of the richest to fund the ecological transition, the future of rail freight, and a text on the ratification procedure for the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada and the European Union.

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François Hollande

MP 2.21 years

17own initiatives
17own texts
4250co-signatures

An MP who is very active in volume but rarely the initiator: 102 texts recorded and 4,165 amendment co-signatures not broken down, most of them co-signatures of private member's bills and resolutions sponsored by colleagues, concentrated on economy/employment, health and education. He stands out for regular use of the written question to challenge the government on targeted social and tax issues (support for entry into the labour market, the Ségur de la santé, pensions for firefighters, taxation of precious metals) and for a single personal legislative initiative, a private member's bill creating a status for scientific refugees.

Economy & employmentMixed5 initiatives

Hollande co-signs a series of his group's private member's bills to support precarious employment and vulnerable groups (medical deserts, the Territoires zéro chômeur trial, accommodation for incapacitating menstruation, reform of split shifts in the cleaning sector) and questions the government through written questions on technical schemes (job-related subsidies for integration and adapted enterprises, the cap on combining work and pension for foster carers, the VAT regime on gold processing). Through co-signature, he also defends industrial sovereignty (protection of the steel sector) and the regulation of new commercial practices (automated parcel lockers).

HealthSupports3 initiatives

Hollande co-signs a set of texts on end-of-life care, medical deserts (two versions), the mental health of young people and farmers, the removal of the waiting period for sick leave following an abortion, and coverage of refurbished medical devices. He questions the government through written questions on the funding of the Ségur de la santé (extension to private non-profit sectors, the indexed salary supplement) and on threats to the funding of family planning. Two co-signed resolutions call for committees of inquiry into mental health and disability policies.

Purchasing powerMixed3 initiatives

Hollande co-signs emergency measures against the high cost of living in the overseas territories (food products, then services), the fight against the precarious status of temporary lecturers and the right to salary advances. He questions the government through written questions on the individual purchasing power guarantee not paid in 2024 to civil servants, and on the regulation of precious metal buy-backs (VAT on gold, unregulated buying of precious materials).

PensionsScrutiny3 initiatives

Hollande questions the government through written questions on the quarterly pension credit for volunteer firefighters, on the consequences of capping the combination of work and pension for foster carers, and on the specific surcharge paid by professional firefighters under the so-called “fifth” credit. He also co-signs a private member's bill recognising voluntary-sector involvement in the calculation of pension rights.

Education & youthSupports2 initiatives

Hollande co-signs texts on the 1-euro student meal, tackling the precarious status of temporary staff in higher education, the regulation of for-profit private nurseries and for-profit private higher education, mental health first aid training, and young people's access to a driving licence in areas under strain. He questions the government on covering the cost of school support assistants' (AESH) meals during the lunch break and on the right of foreign au pairs to drive. A co-signed resolution denounces an ultra-reactionary threat to public education.

Security & justiceSupports2 initiatives

Hollande co-signs several texts on combating sexual and intrafamilial violence (creating a specific crime of incest, a comprehensive response to sexist and sexual violence, the repression of online child sexual abuse), on protecting the victims of dropped complaints, and on trialling public-order neighbourhood patrols. Two co-signed resolutions call for committees of inquiry, one on violence in the film and performing arts sectors, the other on the judicial handling of incestuous sexual violence. He questions the government through written questions on the age limit for police reservists and the funding of civil protection associations.

Agriculture & rural affairsSupports0 initiatives

Hollande co-signs texts on sustainable fishing (a European resolution, tabled twice), transparency on the formation of food prices and margins, reclaiming rural buildings, mandatory display of the Nutri-Score and a ban on food advertising aimed at children, as well as on the mental health of farmers and a fairer sharing of value in the farming world (a text tabled again).

Europe & sovereigntySupports0 initiatives

Hollande co-signs resolutions calling for full application of the EU Digital Services Act, harmonisation of water quality control thresholds, the promotion of sustainable fishing (tabled twice), import requirements equivalent to European production standards (health, environment, animal welfare) and European cooperation against online child sexual abuse. These texts are a matter of collective co-signature, with no personal initiative identified over this period.

Environment & energySupports0 initiatives

Hollande co-signs texts on accelerating the energy renovation of housing, banning plastic tableware in collective catering for early childhood, recognition of a national climate change adaptation policy and the adaptation of insurance mechanisms, as well as the development of wine tourism and nature education in schools. A co-signed resolution calls for European harmonisation of water quality thresholds.

Institutions & democracySupports0 initiatives

Hollande twice co-signs an organic bill introducing proportional representation for legislative elections, as well as a text making display of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen mandatory. A co-signed resolution denounces an ultra-reactionary threat to the Republic's schools, classed here as touching on institutions.

HousingSupports0 initiatives

Hollande co-signs three texts: accelerating the energy renovation of housing, securing disputes over energy decency in co-owned buildings, and protecting unaccompanied minors from homelessness.

Digital & AISupports0 initiatives

Hollande co-signs a European resolution calling for full application of the Digital Services Act, a resolution on European cooperation against online child sexual abuse, and a private member's bill strengthening the criminal law framework for repressing online child sexual abuse. Digital issues appear here mainly through the protection of minors online rather than a general digital policy.

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Michel Barnier

MP 0.99 years · 13 government bills signed while in government

17own initiatives
19own texts
467co-signatures

Former Prime Minister (September-December 2024): in that capacity he sponsored several finance bills (2025 Finance Bill, the 2024 end-of-year budget adjustment law, the Article 45 special law) as well as the bill on the resilience of critical infrastructure and the strengthening of cybersecurity. Back as an MP in 2025-2026, his activity refocuses on security (attacks, algorithmic video surveillance, administrative detention), mental health (which he had designated a national cause for 2025) and scrutiny of government action through very local written questions on Paris.

HealthMixed5 initiatives

As Prime Minister, he sponsored the 2025 Social Security Financing Bill and made mental health the national cause for 2025, a subject whose follow-up he continues to track as an MP. He co-signs private member's bills on equitable access to care for people with sickle cell disease and on banning mechanical restraint in psychiatry.

International & defenceMixed4 initiatives

As Prime Minister, he sponsored the ratification of the Franco-Spanish defence cooperation treaty and of France's accession to the SKA Observatory. He then challenges the government on the Gaza peace plan and questions it on extending the Erasmus programme to Mediterranean countries.

Security & justiceMixed3 initiatives

As Prime Minister, he sponsored the bill on the resilience of critical infrastructure and the strengthening of cybersecurity, as well as the ratification of the ordinance on the social rights of prisoners. Back as an MP, he co-signs private member's bills to strengthen administrative detention and the prevention of attack risk, and to authorise algorithmic processing of CCTV images on public transport. In a question to the government, he pays tribute to the victims of the attacks of 13 November 2015.

Europe & sovereigntyScrutiny3 initiatives

As Prime Minister, he sponsored a bill adapting French law to European Union law. He then challenges the government on French influence in Brussels and questions it on extending the Erasmus programme to Mediterranean countries.

Education & youthScrutiny3 initiatives

He questions the government on very concrete Parisian issues: the requisitioning of gymnasiums to house young people assessed as adults by child welfare services, Sunday opening of student libraries, and the prevention of sexual violence in after-school services.

Digital & AIMixed1 initiative

As Prime Minister, he sponsored the bill on the resilience of critical infrastructure and cybersecurity. He then co-signs private member's bills to protect minors from the risks of social media and to authorise algorithmic processing of CCTV images. He questions the government on the massive data hack of summer 2026.

Economy & employmentMixed1 initiative

As Prime Minister, he sponsored the ratification of the ordinance on modernising alternative investment funds and the adaptation of the full employment law to the overseas territories. He then tables two amendments, ruled inadmissible, to the 2026 budget.

Institutions & democracyProposes1 initiative

As Prime Minister, he sponsored the ratification of the Franco-Spanish defence cooperation treaty. He co-signs a private member's bill creating a citizen reserve for diplomacy and questions the government on the status of psychologists in the civil service.

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Senator

Bruno Retailleau

senator 1.8 years · 1 government bill signed while in government

21own initiatives
21own texts
0co-signatures

A senator and chair of the Les Républicains group, his activity centres on defending mayors and communes (the status of local elected officials, the safety of elected officials, the future of the commune) and on firm, state-authority texts (immigration, drug trafficking, support for law enforcement after the 2023 riots). He expresses himself overwhelmingly through private member's bills and resolutions of which he is the author, often symbolic Article 34-1 resolutions on international causes such as Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, rather than through tabling amendments.

Institutions & democracyProposes8 initiatives

He defends mayors and communes: a private member's bill to strengthen the safety of local elected officials and the protection of mayors, a resolution for a committee of inquiry into the future of the commune and the mayor, and a text allowing a mayor to be elected in a new commune whose municipal council is incomplete. He also pays tribute to law enforcement through a resolution of gratitude, co-signs the ratification of the Franco-Spanish defence treaty and tables an amendment to the military programming bill in favour of Mayotte's port infrastructure.

Security & justiceMixed7 initiatives

During the urban violence following Nahel's death, he calls on the government to support law enforcement without reservation and refuses any excuse for the rioters. He sponsors a resolution calling for a committee of inquiry into drug trafficking, a resolution condemning the Hamas attacks and supporting Israel, and a private member's bill on the safety of local elected officials, complemented by a resolution of gratitude towards law enforcement.

International & defenceMixed4 initiatives

He speaks up repeatedly for the Armenian cause: two questions to the government on the blockade and then the Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh, asking France to describe it as ethnic cleansing and to denounce the agreement signed by the European Union with Azerbaijan. He co-signs the ratification of the Franco-Spanish defence treaty and tables an amendment to the 2024-2030 military programming bill calling for a port infrastructure effort in Mayotte in response to tensions in the Mozambique Channel.

Immigration & identityProposes3 initiatives

He sponsors two private member's bills to tighten migration policy: one on the sovereignty of France, nationality, immigration and asylum, the other to “take back control” of immigration, integration and asylum policy.

Environment & energyProposes2 initiatives

He sponsors a private member's bill on national programming and regulatory simplification for the energy sector, and questions the government on the merit of shortening the peak-hours window given solar production, so as to make the off-peak offer more advantageous for households.

Purchasing powerProposes1 initiative

He sponsors a private member's bill to support local authorities' local investment in the face of the inflationary crisis.

Economy & employmentProposes1 initiative

The same private member's bill, from the angle of supporting local authorities' local investment to cushion the economic impact of inflation.

Europe & sovereigntyProposes1 initiative

He sponsors a European resolution calling for the European Peace Facility to fund an assistance measure for Armenia.

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MEPs

Jordan Bardella

MEP 3.73 years

256own initiatives
256own texts
0co-signatures

With 256 texts recorded since 2023, his term in the European Parliament is exercised almost exclusively through the written explanation of vote (a reasoned position text by text) and the written question to the Commission (scrutiny), complemented by motions for a resolution of which he is author or co-author, notably two motions of censure against the European Commission (September 2025, January 2026) and two individual resolutions on sub-Saharan migration and transnational Islamist networks. On substance, he combines support for measures protecting French industry, agriculture and sovereignty with systematic opposition to texts that transfer powers to the European institutions.

Europe & sovereigntyMixed55 initiatives

He supports technical texts judged beneficial to France (geographical indications, one-off cooperation) but opposes texts which, in his view, transfer powers to the EU institutions or extend the Schengen area without effective control of the external borders. He also challenges the trade agreements he judges unfavourable to producers and to French sovereignty (New Zealand, Mercosur) and defends the member states he believes are targeted by pressure from the Commission, such as Hungary. He regularly questions the Commission on reindustrialisation and the progress of trade negotiations.

Economy & employmentMixed46 initiatives

He opposes texts which, in his view, transfer social and economic powers to the European institutions at the expense of the member states (employment guidelines, the employment strand of the European Semester), while supporting targeted industrial and social protection measures (the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund, protection of SME patents). He questions the Commission on the competitiveness of French industry in the face of international competition and environmental regulation (combustion-engine vehicles, electricity, critical metals).

Institutions & democracyMixed30 initiatives

He opposes institutional developments that strengthen Brussels' powers at the expense of the member states (treaty revision, extending the lifting of immunity to the European Public Prosecutor's Office, an increase in the Parliament's budget). He co-sponsored a motion for a resolution on the election of the European Commission and another asking the Court of Justice for an opinion on the compatibility with the treaties of a draft partnership agreement. He also questions the Commission on the use of European funds and internal appointments.

International & defenceMixed28 initiatives

He challenges any move to make the EU's foreign policy autonomous of that of the member states (the functioning of the EEAS, the European Parliament's parliamentary diplomacy). He co-sponsored a resolution condemning the Hamas attacks on Israel and supporting Israel's right to defend itself, as well as a resolution supporting Ukraine accompanied by reservations presented as red lines for peace and French interests. He questions the Commission on the energy sanctions targeting Russia.

Immigration & identityMixed25 initiatives

He sponsors in his own name two motions for a resolution: one on what he calls the sub-Saharan migratory wave, the other on combating the establishment of transnational Islamist networks in Europe. He questions the Commission on the effectiveness of partnerships to combat illegal immigration with countries of origin and on migrant regularisations in Spain.

Security & justiceMixed25 initiatives

He supports police and judicial cooperation instruments against terrorism and organised crime (Prüm II data exchange, information exchange with Eurojust) while calling for more systematic border controls. He questions the Commission on possible direct or indirect EU funding of Hamas, on Albania’s accession and on the movements he describes as anti-fascist.

Environment & energyMixed25 initiatives

He opposes environmental standards that he considers penalising for industry and transport (inclusion of maritime transport in the carbon market, minimum taxation of kerosene). He questions the Commission on French energy policy (nuclear fleet, rail freight), which he believes is being penalised by Brussels in the name of climate policy.

HealthMixed21 initiatives

On the texts genuinely related to health (several texts filed under this heading in fact concern the EU budget, enlargement or industrial matters, and are flagged as classification errors), he advocates relocating the production of strategic medicines and medical equipment to Europe (amoxicillin shortage, surgical masks, the pharmaceutical industry) and backs consensual public health measures such as tackling antimicrobial resistance. He does, however, oppose the creation of a European health data space, which he considers a risk to privacy.

Agriculture & rural affairsMixed18 initiatives

He supports measures protecting farmers and French food sovereignty (geographical indications, food safety, poultry labelling) and opposes free trade agreements that he considers unfavourable to European producers (New Zealand). He questions the Commission on what he presents as unfair competition, in particular the European subsidy for South African viticulture.

Education & youthMixed15 initiatives

Most of the texts attached to this heading by the automatic classification do not actually concern education or youth (transport infrastructure, semiconductors, chemical substances) and are flagged as classification errors. On the texts that genuinely fall within the subject, he supports better conditions for young researchers, opposes a text on quality traineeships which he considers encroaches on Member States’ competence on remuneration, and questions the Commission on youth unemployment in the EU and on the plan to extend the Erasmus programme to countries in the Maghreb and the Middle East.

Purchasing powerMixed13 initiatives

He points to the risk, for households and industry, of standards he considers inflationary (Euro 7 emissions standards, minimum taxation of kerosene) and opposes texts which, in his view, transfer social competences to the European institutions without addressing real purchasing power (social dialogue). He questions the Commission on the impact of rising energy prices on French industry (batteries) and on the regulation of the sugar market.

Digital & AIMixed3 initiatives

On the three texts under this heading, he supports fair remuneration for authors in the face of music streaming platforms and stronger international cooperation against cybercrime, while regretting that a text on online administration neglects the question of digital sovereignty and European data centres.

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Raphaël Glucksmann

MEP 3.73 years

175own initiatives
175own texts
0co-signatures

A very high volume of European parliamentary activity (175 unique texts over the period, concentrated on foreign policy, the defence of Ukraine against Russia and the fight against foreign interference in democracy, an area in which he represents the Parliament’s special committee on foreign interference); the 31 texts outside the thematic grid (plenary speeches on Iran, Hong Kong, Syria, Georgia and European Councils) confirm the same focus. Mixed style: intensive oversight through written questions, a large number of co-signed S&D joint resolutions on international crises, and two mandates as rapporteur in his own right (screening of foreign investments in the EU, European defence industry programme) as well as two shadow rapporteurships (forced labour products, generalised tariff preferences).

International & defenceMixed65 initiatives

His position is dominated by support for Ukraine and a hard line against Russia: co-signing numerous S&D joint resolutions calling for a special tribunal for the crime of aggression, tougher sanctions (including against Russia’s oil “shadow fleet” and its circumvention methods) and continued military and financial support for Kyiv. He also asks questions, alone or with S&D colleagues, on related subjects: investment treaties with Russia and Belarus, and follow-up on alleged forced labour at the BYD plant in Szeged, Hungary. On China, he co-signs resolutions on Uyghur political prisoners and the Hong Kong security law; he has also led a Parliament report on the European defence industry programme (EDIP). A good share of the texts (26 plenary speeches) record only the subject of the debate, not the content of his remarks.

Institutions & democracyMixed39 initiatives

A committed voice on foreign interference in European democracy: on behalf of the Parliament’s special committee on foreign interference, he puts an oral question on the integrity of the 2024 European elections, and co-signs the “Russiagate” resolution on allegations of Russian interference within Parliament itself. In an explanation of vote, he welcomes the strengthening of Parliament’s transparency and integrity rules after the Qatargate scandal, and tables on his own an individual motion for a resolution on the right to demonstrate and the limits on the use of public force. He also questions Elon Musk’s conflicts of interest and political interference, and co-signs resolutions on Georgia’s “foreign agents” law and the Hong Kong security law, both presented as democratic backsliding.

Security & justiceMixed23 initiatives

A register centred on accountability and international law: he asks questions about the criminal shipwreck off Greece and calls for the release of the Russian dissident Vladimir Kara-Murza, while co-signing joint resolutions condemning the Hong Kong security law and human rights violations in Azerbaijan. One speech in 2026 concerns state violence in Minneapolis and the rule of law in the United States (debate topic only, content of his remarks not known). Also in 2026, he puts a question on his own on arbitration proceedings brought under the Energy Charter Treaty by entities linked to sanctioned individuals, a continuation of his monitoring of Russian sanctions evasion.

Economy & employmentMixed22 initiatives

He defends European industry and jobs against unfair competition and relocation: shadow rapporteur on the ban on products made with forced labour and author of a Parliament report on the European defence industry programme (EDIP), he puts questions on his own on Thales’s relocation outside the Union and the strategic autonomy of the defence industrial base, and twice on alleged forced labour at the BYD plant in Szeged (Hungary). He is also rapporteur for opinion, on behalf of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, on the corporate sustainability due diligence directive. The rest of the section (steel, solar energy, EU-Qatar air transport) consists mainly of written oversight questions, tabled alone or co-signed.

Europe & sovereigntyMixed21 initiatives

He was rapporteur for the European regulation on the screening of foreign investments in the Union (A10-0061/2025, confirmed by the title of the vote, which bears his name), and shadow rapporteur on the reform of the generalised scheme of tariff preferences. He asks questions on the provisional application of the EU-Mercosur agreement and on international child abductions under the Brussels IIb Regulation, and calls for American scientists affected by the Trump administration’s budget cuts to be welcomed. He speaks several times on European strategic autonomy vis-à-vis China and on the steel crisis.

Environment & energyOversight13 initiatives

A section dominated by oversight through written questions, often tabled alone, on precise technical subjects: fraud in imports of used cooking oil, revision of the import criteria for protected timber species, the future of the Energy Charter Treaty, a loophole in the carbon border adjustment mechanism for steel made from pre-reduced iron ore, and the use of Georgian refineries to circumvent sanctions on Russian oil. There is no bill or resolution that he initiated alone on this theme: it is essentially a matter of vigilance and follow-up work.

Immigration & identityOversight11 initiatives

A section largely affected by automatic classification errors (4 texts flagged as classification errors: foreign investment, carbon mechanism, night trains, institutional interference, none genuinely related to immigration or identity). The content that can genuinely be attached to the theme is thin: a plenary speech on the Islamist terrorist attack on French schools in 2023 (debate topic only, content not known), a co-signed written question on the Union’s response to the transnational repression of diasporas, and a speech during the commemoration of the 10th anniversary of the 13 November 2015 attacks in Paris (debate topic only, content not known). No clear position can be established beyond these observations on subject matter.

Digital & AIOversight8 initiatives

He focuses on the responsibility of digital platforms in the face of disinformation and electoral interference: questions on the change to X’s algorithm before the 2024 US election and on the effects of Elon Musk’s statements on social debate and electoral processes, a speech calling for enforcement of the Digital Services Act (DSA) to protect democracy, and a co-signed oral question calling for a “European democracy shield” against the algorithms of the large platforms. He also co-signs a resolution on consumer protection against platforms selling child-like sex dolls. One text on the European pulp industry is flagged as a classification error, unrelated to this theme.

Purchasing powerMixed5 initiatives

A small section, partly affected by a classification error (an oral question on the “European democracy shield”, unrelated to purchasing power, flagged as a classification error). The remaining content shows attention to poverty and the cost of living: a speech during the commemoration of the 70th anniversary of Abbé Pierre’s appeal against homelessness (debate topic only, content not known), a written question on obstacles to competition in France’s outlying territories, a speech on the impact of the Middle East crisis on energy and fertiliser prices (debate topic only, content not known), and co-signing of the resolution on consumer protection against certain e-commerce platforms.

HealthOversight4 initiatives

Of the 4 texts filed here, 3 are clearly misfiled by the automatic classification and are flagged as classification errors (an explanation of vote on Parliament’s Rules of Procedure, a question on sanctions against the Russian shadow fleet, a speech on preparing a European Council devoted to Ukraine): none has any bearing on health. The only genuinely relevant text is a co-signed written question on the transparency and health risks of menstrual hygiene products. The theme therefore does not allow a position of the candidate’s own on health to be established from this corpus.

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Government ministers

Gabriel Attal

MP 1.77 years · 25 government bills signed while in government

6own initiatives
10own texts
637co-signatures

A high volume (76 texts between 2023 and 2026, including 596 undetailed co-signatures of amendments) driven by two very different phases: as Prime Minister (January to September 2024), he presented or signed some twenty government bills (budget, social security, end of life, affordable housing, the electoral status of New Caledonia, international agreements); returning as an MP in October 2024, he co-signs cross-party private member’s bills on security, health and housing in large numbers. As an MP, he himself sponsors only two private member’s bills: one on justice for juvenile offenders (accompanied by five personal amendments), the other, symbolic, on the rehabilitation of Alfred Dreyfus.

Security & justiceMixed3 initiatives

Author of a private member’s bill to restore the authority of justice over juvenile offenders and their parents (October 2024), on which he himself tabled amendments to toughen the text: extending educational probation, stricter limits on sentence mitigation for minors over sixteen, and a shorter delay before the single hearing. He also co-signs private member’s bills on preventing terrorist attacks and administrative detention, protecting victims of sexual violence when their attacker is released, responding to sexual and intrafamily violence, and the criminal redefinition of rape.

International & defenceMixed2 initiatives

As Prime Minister, he sponsored several government bills authorising bilateral cooperation and defence agreements (Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, cross-border apprenticeships with Germany) as well as the ratification of a United Nations convention on the law of the sea. In questions to the government, he defends France’s support for Ukraine against Russia and a firm line towards Iran, in the name of international law.

Immigration & identityOversight1 initiative

On this theme, most of the texts filed here in fact concern other subjects: cooperation and defence agreements, international sanctions (see classification errors). The only genuinely relevant text is a question to the government (April 2025, “Defending the Republic”) in which he calls for national unity around a Republic that “protects, blind to beliefs” and brings people together beyond their affiliations.

Institutions & democracyMixed1 initiative

As Prime Minister, he sponsored two texts on New Caledonia: the postponement of the renewal of the Congress and the provincial assemblies, and a constitutional revision of the electorate for those elections (January 2024). As an MP, he co-signs a private member’s bill to simplify the “territorial millefeuille” by creating a single local authority, and in a question to the government he defends a Republic that brings people together beyond their affiliations.

Education & youthMixed1 initiative

He personally sponsors a symbolic private member’s bill calling for Alfred Dreyfus to be promoted to the rank of brigadier general (May 2025). He also co-signs texts on an inclusive pathway for pupils with disabilities, a trial of food education teaching in schools, and the steering of national sports policy.

HealthMixed0 initiatives

As Prime Minister, he sponsored the government bill on support for the terminally ill and end of life (April 2024), as well as the annual social security budget texts and the ratification of an international convention on workers’ safety and health. As an MP, he co-signs texts on the nursing profession, the crisis in psychiatry and mental health, a prevention strategy on chemsex, and the right of doctors qualified in the United Kingdom before Brexit to practise in France.

Economy & employmentMixed0 initiatives

As Prime Minister, he sponsored the ratification of economic ordinances (corporate sustainability and reporting, taxation of goods and services). As an MP, he co-signs texts on unemployment insurance reform, a stable tax framework for micro-entrepreneurs and small businesses, protection against workplace discrimination linked to parenting plans, and adapting the legal and tax framework to crypto-assets.

Europe & sovereigntyMixed0 initiatives

As Prime Minister, he sponsored government bills ratifying agreements with a European dimension (transposition of a motor insurance directive, EU-Armenia/Ukraine common aviation area). As an MP, he co-signs a series of European foreign policy resolutions: support for Ukraine, condemnation of Azerbaijan’s interference in New Caledonia, the release of Boualem Sansal, condemnation of the segregation of Afghan women, stronger European regulation of the large digital platforms, and the inclusion of Caledonian nickel in the European critical raw materials strategy.

HousingMixed0 initiatives

As Prime Minister, he sponsored the government bill on developing the supply of affordable housing (May 2024). As an MP, he co-signs texts on ending lifetime tenancies in social housing, the recovery of homes abandoned by tenants, securing energy-efficiency obligations in co-owned buildings, and access to housing for public service workers.

Environment & energyProposes0 initiatives

The three texts filed here are government bills that he sponsored as Prime Minister: the ratification of an ordinance on corporate sustainability reporting, the development of the supply of affordable housing, and the management of climate risk in overseas agriculture.

Digital & AISupports0 initiatives

He co-signs three digital texts: the protection of retailers through digital tools, stronger enforcement of the European Digital Services Act against the large e-commerce platforms, and the protection of minors from the risks of using social media.

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Gérald Darmanin

MP 0.1 years · 18 government bills signed while in government

3own initiatives
3own texts
281co-signatures

A minister throughout the period, his activity is read almost solely through government bills co-signed as a minister: domestic security and overseas ratifications in 2023, then criminal justice (juvenile offenders, criminal procedure, criminal justice) from 2024 to 2026, alongside health and economic texts. He speaks in his own name only twice, to support state action after Cyclone Chido in Mayotte and after the assault on a teacher in Tourcoing.

HealthMixed1 initiative

He presses the government on the health situation in Mayotte after Cyclone Chido, describing a hospital operating at half capacity and a destroyed water network. He also co-signs texts on support for parents of children with cancer or disabilities, the creation of a university hospital centre in Corsica, and the ratification of an ordinance extending health provisions to the Pacific territories.

Economy & employmentProposes1 initiative

At the request of the Union des Industries Textiles, he tables an amendment extending until 2027 the collection tax credit for the textile, clothing and leather sector. He also co-signs the ratification of an ordinance on the overseas monetary and financial code and a private member’s bill on treating crop diseases by drone.

Security & justiceProposes0 initiatives

As a minister, he sponsors a series of security and justice texts: in 2023, the ratification of ordinances on criminal liability and domestic security overseas and on training for private security activities; from 2024, a private member’s bill on the authority of justice over juvenile offenders, then government bills on criminal justice and respect for victims, the rewriting of the code of criminal procedure and compensation for damage caused by violence in public spaces.

Institutions & democracyProposes0 initiatives

As a minister, he co-signs three institutional texts linked to New Caledonia: the ratification of an ordinance extending the rules on differentiation and decentralisation, the postponement of the renewal of the Congress and the provincial assemblies, and the constitutional revision of the electorate for those elections.

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Bruno Le Maire

40 government bills signed while in government

0own initiatives
0own texts
0co-signatures

Minister for the Economy, Finance and Industrial and Digital Sovereignty until September 2024: in that capacity, he sponsored almost all of the government’s major budget and economic texts over the period (2024 Finance Bill, budget settlement acts for 2021 to 2023, the 2023 end-of-year supplementary budget, the law on simplifying economic life, the green industry law, the 2024 Social Security Financing Act), as well as numerous ratifications of technical ordinances (customs, liberal professions, crafts, mining code). No text of parliamentary initiative (private member’s bill): his recorded activity consists solely of government texts and ends in July 2024, at the end of his ministerial term.

HealthProposes0 initiatives

As Minister for the Economy and Finance, he sponsored the social security financial texts: the supplementary social security financing bill for 2023, the Social Security Financing Act for 2024, and the acts approving the social security accounts for 2022 and 2023.

Economy & employmentProposes0 initiatives

As Minister for the Economy, he sponsored the major economic texts of the term: the green industry law, the transposition of the national cross-industry agreement on profit-sharing in companies, the emergency law on commercial negotiations in large-scale retail, and the ratification of the ordinance establishing the crafts code.

Environment & energyProposes0 initiatives

As Minister for the Economy, he sponsored the ratification of the ordinance on climate risk management tools in agriculture, the one on combating climate change, and a text adapting French law to European Union law on the ecological transition.

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Elisabeth Borne

MP 3.2 years · 78 government bills signed while in government

0own initiatives
0own texts
517co-signatures

Élisabeth Borne tabled or co-signed 113 texts between 2023 and 2026 (plus 482 undetailed co-signatures of amendments), the great majority of them government bills she sponsored as Prime Minister between January 2023 and January 2024, including two major reforms (immigration and integration, the 2024-2030 military programming law) and the State’s main budget texts (2024 Finance Bill, 2024 Social Security Financing Bill, budget settlement acts). After leaving Matignon, she mainly co-signed more targeted private member’s bills as an MP, then sponsored two government bills as Minister for National Education in 2025 (private higher education, teachers in Wallis and Futuna).

Security & justiceProposes0 initiatives

As Prime Minister in 2023, she sponsored the Ministry of Justice programming law for 2023-2027 and the organic law on opening up and modernising the judiciary, as well as several emergency texts for rebuilding buildings damaged in the urban riots of June-July 2023. As an MP from 2024, she co-signed private member’s bills strengthening the criminal justice response to racism and antisemitism and to sexual and gender-based violence, and on security and administrative detention in the face of the risk of terrorist attack.

HealthProposes0 initiatives

As Prime Minister, she sponsored the supplementary 2023 Social Security Financing Bill and then the 2024 Social Security Financing Bill, as well as several ratifications of ordinances on health and social security overseas. As an MP, she co-signed the private member’s bill on support for the terminally ill and end of life, and the one making it easier for doctors qualified in the United Kingdom before Brexit to practise in France.

Economy & employmentProposes0 initiatives

As Prime Minister, she sponsored the laws on green industry, full employment, profit-sharing in companies and emergency measures for commercial negotiations in large-scale retail. As an MP, she co-signed a private member’s bill to increase business financing and France’s attractiveness.

International & defenceProposes0 initiatives

As Prime Minister, she sponsored the 2024-2030 military programming law and a series of bilateral agreements (EU common aviation area, aviation security, cross-border police cooperation). As an MP, she co-signed the private member’s bill creating a citizen reserve for diplomacy.

Immigration & identityProposes0 initiatives

As Prime Minister, she sponsored the law to control immigration and improve integration (2023), as well as several bilateral agreements on the readmission of people in an irregular situation and on the movement of diplomatic staff. As an MP, she co-signed the private member’s bill to prevent foreign interference in France.

Environment & energyProposes0 initiatives

As Prime Minister, she sponsored the law on the organisation of nuclear safety and radiation protection governance, presented as accompanying the relaunch of the nuclear sector, as well as a ratification on connection to and access to public electricity networks. As an MP, she co-signed a private member’s bill on energy renovation works in housing.

Institutions & democracyMixed0 initiatives

As Prime Minister, she sponsored a decentralisation ordinance extended to the local authorities under Article 74 and to New Caledonia, and an organic law on appointments under Article 13 of the Constitution. As an MP, she co-signed two organic bills introducing proportional representation for legislative elections and a bill creating a citizen reserve for diplomacy; on these last three texts she is a co-signatory, not the initiator.

Europe & sovereigntyMixed0 initiatives

As Prime Minister, she sponsored several technical texts adapting French law to European Union law, including the automated national criminal record and an omnibus text covering the economy, the ecological transition and criminal law. As an MP, she co-signed European resolutions on enforcement of the Digital Services Act against the large e-commerce platforms and on the inclusion of Caledonian nickel in the European critical raw materials strategy.

Education & youthMixed0 initiatives

As Prime Minister, she sponsored the ratification of the ordinance on cross-border apprenticeships. As Minister for National Education in 2025, she sponsored the bill regulating private higher education and the one transferring primary school teachers in Wallis and Futuna to the State. As an MP, she co-signed a private member’s bill strengthening the inclusive pathway for pupils with disabilities.

HousingProposal0 initiatives

As Prime Minister, she sponsored the law accelerating and simplifying the renovation of dilapidated housing and large-scale development projects, introduced after the urban riots of 2023. As an MP, she co-signed private member’s bills on energy renovation of housing, the recovery of homes abandoned by tenants and energy-efficiency standards in co-owned buildings.

Digital & AIProposes0 initiatives

As Prime Minister, she sponsored the law to secure and regulate the digital space (SREN). As an MP, she co-signed private member’s bills on protecting retailers through digital tools and on protecting minors from the risks of social media.

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